370 CARL VOGT. 



A little later an indistinct outline of the funnel of the (Esophagus 

 is traceable on the ventral side of the escutcheon and towards 

 the lower part of it. 



The stomach is at first a perfectly solid mass^ but is soon 

 hollowed out and brought into communication with the cavities of 

 the oesophagus and intestine (PI. XXII, fig. 13, n). The ciHary 

 movement is only visible when the bud is about to detach itself, 

 and the hepatic cells are developed at a still later period. 



The reproductive organs are distinguishable as such towards 

 the latter half of the life of the bud. Shortly before its detach- 

 ment they appear as two round, granular masses, united by a 

 very short canal, and placed on each side, between the hood and 

 the lateral expansions of the stomach. At this stage, however, 

 there is no trace of the seminal vesicle. Soon after the separa- 

 tion of the bud from the parent these organs assume their 

 definite form. 



Of all the principal organs the tentacles make their appearance 

 latest ; they are distinguishable at first as minute warts on the 

 border of the primitive hollow. i 



The tactile organs are present in all the mature buds, but the 

 Author was unable to determine the stages of their development. 



As to the stem, there are important differences between the 

 Author and other observers (Claparede and Nitsche). The latter 

 hold that the bud (in Loxosoma Kefersteini) puts forth its stem 

 on the side opposite to the point by which it is attached ; the 

 former has no doubt that, in the present species at least, the bud, 

 after its separation, fixes itself by the very same extremity by 

 which it was attached to the parent. 



Two distinct formations are visible in the stem of the bud. 

 In the immediate neighbourhood of the stomach there is a mass 

 of opaque and granular cells, forming an elliptical body placed 



1 In the ordinary process of gemmation amongst the otlier Polyzoa, 

 the tentacles are almost the^Vs^ organs to make their appearance. A small 

 and simple sac, on which at a very early period the rudimentary tentacular 

 crown is visible, is the primary stage in the development of the bud. The 

 digestive canal is formed subsequently out of the primitive sac attached 

 to the tentacles. Of course, in this plan of development, the anal orifice is 

 of necessity thrown without the tentacular ring, which before the formation 

 of the intestines closely embraces the oral aperture. On the other hand, in 

 the plan of development which obtains amongst the Entroprocta, an ample 

 vestibule is first defined (= the space surrounded by the mantle in the 

 embryo), not in connection witfi the oral aperture merely, but occupying the 

 wtiole of the upper portion of the bud and immediately closed in by the body- 

 wall ; beneath this the digestive canal is formed, and into it both its orifices 

 naturally open. The tentacles are ultimately developed within the border 

 of the capacious hood, which walls in tliis vestibule, and therefore surrouud 

 the anal as well as the oral aperture. The anomalous position of the anus, 

 therefore, in the Entoprocta, is connected wit.h very radical diflerences in the 

 plan of development, and is a character of great significance. — Trajist. 



