158 G. F, DOWDESWELL. 
The same appearances caused by heat are next described by 
Max Schultz.1 He found that on the warm stage of the microscope 
the changes of form commenced first at 52° C.in the blood of 
man and various mammals, on reaching which temperature the 
corpuscles immediately change and break up into many parts 
of various sizes, and are dispersed, dancing through the serum 
in lively motion, or throw out filaments of various lengths and 
form, which too become detached and move about in the sur- 
rounding medium, like Vibrios. Here also a plate is given, 
the representations in which agree exactly with the appearances 
above described as caused by the action of reagents, both 
on the warm stage and in the cold. No one can doubt the phe- 
nomena being exactly the same. 
In 1871, Professor H. Ray Lankester, in an article upon the 
structure of the red blood-corpuscles,* describing the effect of 
various reagents upon them, records the pseudopodial-like pro- 
cesses which occur in the blood of the frog on treatment by 
ammonia gas, and the fluidity which it seems to occasion in 
the human red corpuscles, resulting in the production of long 
threads or processes from the corpuscles, and the separation of 
minute particles from them. Drawings are given of these, 
which likewise agree exactly with the appearances before 
described. 
Quite recently two papers describing these appearances in the 
red blood-corpuscles have appeared, the one is by Dr. Rudolph 
Arndt,’ who first endeavours to show that the nucleus which 
occurs in the red blood-corpuscles of Fish, Amphibia, and some 
other Vertebrata, is an artificial production caused by the action 
of reagents or pathological changes, which has no existence 
normally, though when formed it is an independent contractile 
body, which shows amceboid movements (!) ; and that conse- 
quently there is no integral difference between the ovoid red 
blood-corpuscles of the Amphibia, &c., and the round corpus- 
cles of man and other mammalia, which do not usually show any 
nucleus, though he considers that by the action of reagents or 
certain changed conditions, they too show nuclei of the same 
nature as those of the ovoid red corpuscles, mere aggregations 
of their protoplasmic constituents, as shown by Beetticher,* who 
treated them with alcohol and acetic acid, or with a solution of 
bichloride of mercury in alcohol; the appearances so induced, 
however, if carefully regarded, can never be mistaken for identical 
with the nuclei of the ovoid red corpuscles ; the latter, as already 
1 ¢ Arch. f, Mikros. Anat.,’ Bd. i, s. 25, 1865. 
2 This Journal, N. S., vol. ii, pp. 361—3$87. 
3 Virchow, ‘Archiv f. Path. Anat.,’ Bd. lxxvii, H. 1, s. 7, 1879. 
4 «Arch, f, Mikros. Anat., Bd. xiv, s. 73—94, 187g. 
