192 P, HERBERT CARPENTER, 
respects, e.g. the possession of water-vascular, blood~vas- 
cular, and ambulacral nervous systems, they agree with the 
other Echinoderms in a manner undreamt of ten years ago, 
when their position in the group was a very uncertain one. 
But other equally well established results are ignored or 
denied, because they do not accord with preconceived notions 
of what Crinoid structure ought to be in order to agree with 
the type which has been deduced from the study of Urchins 
and Starfishes without the Crinoids ever being considered at 
all. Leuckart’s separation of the stalked Echinoderms from 
the other members of the subkingdom under the name 
Pelmatozoa, might, with advantage, be more generally adopted 
than it is. 
Literature. 
1.—Baudelot, E., “Etudes générales sur le systéme nerveux. Contribution 
a Vhistoire du systéme nerveux des Echinodermes,” ‘Arch. de Zool. 
expérim. et générale,’ tome i, pp. 177—216. 
2.—Carpenter, W. B., “ Researches on the Structure, Physiology, and 
Development of Axtedon rosaceus,”’ parti, ‘Phil. Trans.,’ vol. 156 
pp. 671—756, plates xxxi—xliii. 
3.—Carpenter, W. B., “On the Structure, Physiology, and Development 
of Antedon rosaceus,” ‘Proc. Roy. Soc.,’ No. 166, 1876, pp. 211—, 
231, plates 8 and 9. 
4,—Carpenter, W. B., “ Supplemental Note to the above Paper,” ‘ Proc. 
Roy. Soc.,’ No. 169, 1876. 
5.—Carpenter, P. Herbert, “Remarks on the Anatomy of the Arms of 
the Crinoids,”-part i, ‘Journ. of Anat. and Physiol.,’ vol. x, April, 
1876, pp. 571—585. 
6.—Carpenter, P. Herbert, the same, part ii, ‘ Journ. of Anat, and Physiol.,’ 
vol. xi, October, 1876, pp. 87—95. 
7.—Carpenter, P. Herbert, “On some Points inthe Anatomy of Pentacrinus 
and Rhizocrinus,’ ‘Journ. of Anat. and Physiol.,’ vol xii, October, 
1877, pp. 35—53. 
8.—Cuarpenter, P. Herbert, ‘‘On the Genus Actinometra, Mill., with a 
Morphological Account of a New Species, Act. polymorpha, from the 
Philippine Islands,” ‘Trans. Linn. Soc.,’ Sec. Series, ‘Zoology,’ vol. 
ii, pp. 1—122, plates i—viii. 
9.—Carpenter, P. Herbert, “ Preliminary Report upon the Comatule of the 
t ere ” Expedition,” ‘Proc. Roy. Soc.,? No. 194, 1879, pp. 
—395. 
10.— Greeff, R., “ Ueber den Bau der Echinodermen,” 1. Mittheilung. 
‘Sitzungsb. d. Gesellsch. z. Beford. der gesam. Naturwiss. zu 
Marburg,’ No. 8, 1871. 
1l.—Greef, R., the same, 2. Mittheilung. ‘ Marburg Sitzungsberichte,’’ 
No. 6, 1872, pp. 93—101. 
12.—Greeff, R., the same, 3. Mittheilung. ‘ Marburg Sitzungsberichte,’ No. 
11, 1872, pp. 155—169. 
13.—Greeff, R., the same, 4. Mittheilung. ‘ Ueber den Bau der Crinoideen,’ 
‘Marburg Sitzungsberichte.’ No. 1, 1876, pp. 16—29. 
14.— Greeff, R., the same, 5. Mittheilung. “‘ Ueber das Herz der Crinoideen,” 
‘ Marburg Sitzungsberichte,’ No. 5, 1876, pp. 88—95. 
15.—Hoffman, C. K., “Zur Anatomie der Asteriden,” ‘ Niederlandisches 
Archiv. fiir Zoologie,’ Band ii, 1873, pp. 1—32, Taf. i, ii. 
