NOTES AND MEMORANDA. 
Claus on Intracellular Digestion in Hydrozoa.—Professor 
Claus, of Vienna, has written to us to point out that in 1874 he 
had published observations on the amcboid movements of the 
endoderm cells of the stomach tube of Siphonophora (Mono- 
phyes), and had concluded from them, and from the presence of 
foreign bodies within the cell-substance, that food particles might 
be taken in by this same method. In his paper on Halistemma 
(‘Zool. Arbeiten aus der Wiener Institut,’ p. 37), published in 
1878, he says, ‘I have already elsewhere given an account 
(‘ Schrift. Zool. Inhalts,? Wien, 1874, pp. 30, 31) of the ameboid 
processes and of the movements which the ciliated stomach-cells 
of the polyps exhibit during life, which fully explain how it 
comes about that foreign bodies, such as exploded thread-cells, 
are so frequently found in their protoplasm. Probably, also, the 
observations of C. Vogt (‘Siphonophoren von Nizze,’ 1854, 
p- 102) upon the entry of small indigo particles into the 
vacuoles of the cells are to be explained in this way, although no 
doubt the vacuoles were erroneously interpreted by him as 
shallow cavities or open gland-sacs.” 
Professor Claus appears, therefore, to have been the first 
observer to suggest, as the result of direct observation of a 
Hydrozoon, that its endoderm cells were capable of ingesting 
solid food-particles. 
Kent’s Manual of the Infusoria.—Mr. Saville Kent’s treatise 
on the Ciliate and Flagellate Protozoa, now in course of publica- 
tion, is a carefully executed and valuable work of reference. The 
existing English books on the subject are quite out of date, and 
there are not complete systematic treatises on the subject in 
other languages. 
Hence the naturalists (who, we are glad to know, are as 
numerous as ever) who occupy themselves with the special study 
of microscopic organisms have no standard of reference, no trust- 
worthy guide either to enable them to assign a name to the 
forms which they observe or to satisfy themselves that a novelty 
has come before them. Mr. Kent’s manual will, by its very full 
and complete series of illustrative plates and the clear systematic 
VOL, XXI,—NEW SER, BB 
