144 QUARTERLY CHRONICLE. 
paper the details of the alimentary, muscular, prehensile, 
circulatory, respiratory, and reproductive systems of the 
Pediculus vestimenti, are elaborately worked out. Another 
remarkable paper on insect anatomy, as developed by the 
microscope, is that by Dr. S. Bach on the skeleton and the 
muscles of the head of Termes flavipes. The chitinous parts 
of the head are first carefully described and illustrated, and 
then the muscles are enumerated as follows, their attach- 
ments and functions being further discussed : 
Muscles of the upper jaw.—1, m. flexor magnus mandi- 
bule; 2, m. flexor brevis mandibule ; 3, m. extensor mandi- 
bulee. 
Muscles of the lower jaw.—Ilst group—1l, m. adductor 
cardinis; 2, m. adductor cardinis externus; 3, m. adductor 
cardinis internus. 2nd group—m. adductor stipitis rectus ; 
2, m. adductor stipitis obliquus; 3, m. flexor stipitis. 3rd 
group—l, m. flexor maxille; 2, m. extensor maxille. 4th 
group—l1, m. adductor palpi maxillaris; 2, m. abductor palpi 
maxillaris. Besides these belonging to the lower jaws, there 
are—l, m. extensor phalangis secunde palp. max.; 2, m. 
flexor phalangis tertiz palp. max.; 3, m. extensor phalangis 
tertie palp. max.; 4, m. flexor phalangis quartz palp. max. ; 
5, m. extensor phalangis quartz palp. max.; 6, m. flexor 
phalangis quinte palp. max.; 7, m. extensor phalangis quinte 
palp. max. 
Muscles of the upper lip.—1 and 2, mm. levatores labii; 
3, m. depressor labii. 
Muscles of the lower lip, &c.—Il1st group—m. levator 
menti s. partis basilaris; 2, m. abductor mentis. partis basi- 
laris. 2nd group—l, m. adductor labu; 2, m. abductor 
labii; 3, m. adductor palpi labialis; 4, m. abductor palpi 
labialis. 3rd group—1, m. extensor phalangis secunde palpi 
labialis; 2, m. flexor phalangis tertiz palpi labialis; 3, m. 
extensor phalangis tertiz palpi labialis. 
Muscles of the tongue-——alst group—l1, m. levator lingue ; 
2,m. retractor lingue anterior. 2nd group—l, m. retractor 
lingue posterior; 2, m.protrusor lingue. 3rd group—l, m. 
retractor internus lingue. 
Muscles of the feelers —l1, 2, mm. flexores antenne; 3, 
m. extensor antenne; also m. extensor phalangis secundz 
antenne, m. flexor phalangis secunde antennz, m. flexor com- 
munis antenne, m, extensor communis antenne. 
Muscles of the guliet—1, 2, mm. levatores faucis; 3, 4, 
mm. detrusores faucis ; 4, 5, mm. laterales faucis. The above 
enumeration of muscles serves to show what is to be ascer- 
tained from the head of a single insect by careful and elabo- 
rate research ; for further details we must refer the reader to 
