36 
——t 
sometimes with ridges representing the septa. Interior of the coral entirely occupied by 
vesicular tissue, the cells of which are extremely oblique to the surface, or almost parallel with 
it, and vary from half a line to a line and a balf or more in height, the largest being near 
the centre. Length most usually from two inches and a half to a foot ; diameter from three 
quarters of an inch to an inch and a half. 
This species is the commonest of the forms of Cystiphyllum in the Corniferous Lime- 
stone. It is allied to C. vesiculosum (Goldfuss), but differs in its larger and more oblique 
cells, and its thinner epitheca. Most generally the coral is found in a completely decorticated 
condition, when the cells are generally seen to be plainly arranged in a succession of infundi- 
buliform layers, each of which represents a periodic calice ; so that the specimen looks as if it 
were composed of a series of hollow cones fitting into one another. According to Mr. Billings, 
specimens sometimes reach a length of two feet; but they ar@ most commonly from four or 
five to nine inches long. s 
Locality and Formation.—Common in the Corniferous Limestone almost everywhere in 
Western Ontario. 
32. CYSTIPHYLLUM GRANDE (Billings). 
Cystiphyllum grande (Billings), Canadian Journal, New Series, Vol. IV. p. 138. 
“This species is very large, turbinate, more or less curved, and enveloped in a thin 
wrinkled epitheca. Cup deep, bell-shaped, either striated with the rudimentary radiating 
septa, or consisting of an uniform surface of the small depressed convex cellular elevations, 
The growth appears to have been intermittent, or by the formation of successive layers of cells. 
upon the inner surface of the cup, and consequently in longitudinal sections the substance of 
the whole mass is seen to be arranged in a series of funnel-sbaped strata, placed one within 
another. The separation between the layers is much more distinct in some specimens than in 
others ’ (Billings). 
C. grande is closely allied to C. vesiculosum, (Goldfuss), and C. Senecaense, (Billings) ; but it 
is distinguished from the former by its much larger dimensions, and from the latter by its 
broadly expanding instead of cylindrical form. Though mostly from six inches to a foot in 
length, Mr. Billing mentions that it attains a length of three teet and a diameter of five inches, 
It is not a common species. 
Locality and Formation.—Corniferous Limestone, Walpole ; and Lot 6, Con. 1, Wain- 
fleet. 
33. CysTIPHYLLUM AMERICANUM (Hdwards and Haime). 
(Plate VI. Fig. 8.) 
Cystiphyllum Americanum (Edwards and Haime), Pol. Fos. des Terr. Paléozoiques, p, 
464, Plate XIII. Fig. 4. : 
Cystiphyllum cylindricum (Hall), Geology of New York, Part 4, p. 209, No. 48, Figs. 1 
and 2. (Not Cystiphyllum cylindricum. Edwards and Haime). 
Cystiphyllum Americanum (Billings), Canadian Journal, New Series, Vol., IV. p. 139. 
Corallum simple, very variable in form, mostly more or less curved, elongated, cylindri- 
cal, sometimes increasing in diameter towards the cup, sometimes diminishing. LEpitheca 
thin, sometimes nearly smooth and with but a few encircling annulations of growth and fine 
striz, more commonly with numerous pronounced encircling folds, which are usually sharp- 
edged and imbricating, but sometimes ‘rounded. Calice moderately deep, usually circular, 
sometimes disproportionately small as compared with the size of the corallum. Septal fur- 
rows in the interior of the calice usually well-marked, but generally consisting of rows of 
elongated vesicles. The bottom of the calice, also, is usually occupied by a group of 
larger or smaller bullz. Internal structure vesicular throughout, the vesicles near the ex- 
terior varying from less than half a line to a line and a half in width and those of the centre 
being a little larger. The smallest individual observed had a length of one inch,and a diame- 
ter of the cup of half an inch; the largest had a length of four inches and a diameter of the 
calice an inch and a quarter, but larger individuals than this appear to occur. 
In form C. Americanum is extremely variable, the most common type being perfectly 
straight ; and the next most common type being abruptly curved, nearly at right angles, from a 
