37 
little above the base, and then continuing straight to the cup. The species is allied to C. 
Senecacnse (Billings), but is distinguished from this by its cylindrical form, and its surface- 
characters, and by the fact that its cells do not appear to he arranged in infundibuliform 
layers. From C. vesiculosum (Goldfuss), it is distinguished by its smaller size (as a rule), 
its comparatively smooth epitheca, its shallower and smaller calice, and its cylindrical shape. 
It also rarely exhibits the calicular gemmation which is so common in the latter species, 
though this phenomenon can occasionally be observed. 
Locality and Formation.—Rare in the Corniferous Limestone of Port Colborne. Very 
abundant in the Hamilton Formation, at Bartlett’s Mills, near Arkona, Township of Bosan- 
uet, 
: 34, CYSTIPHYLLUM VEsICULOsUM (Goldfuss), 
Cyathophyllum vesiculosum (Goldfuss), Petref. Germ. p. 58, Pl. XVII, Fig.5, and Pl. 
SEV ILL, fie: 
Cystiphyllum vesiculosum (Phillips), Pal. Foss., p.10, Pl. IV, fig. 12. 
Cystiphyllum vesiculosum (Milne Edwards and Jules Haime), Pol. Foss. des Terr. 
Paléozoiques. p. 462. 
Cystiphyllum vesiculosum (McCoy), Brit. Pal. Foss., p. 71. 
Corallum simple, elongated, turbinate or cylindro-conic, sometimes nearly ,cylindrical. 
Epitheca exceedingly strong, exhibiting numerous fine encircling strie, along with many well- 
marked annulations of growth, which sometimes have 
the form of circular wrinkles, but which at other times 
are sharp-edged and imbricating. Not uncommonly 
the folds of the epitheca are laterally prolonged in the 
form of wing-like extensions. Calice very deep, its 
walls extraordinarily thickened in aged examples, and 
its bottom usually occupied by a group of bulle. 
Septal strize in the interior of the ecalice usually very 
distinct, but appearing to be made up of a succession 
of elongated vesicles. Internal structure vesicular, 
the largest of the vesicles being central, and having a 
diameter of a line to a line and a half. Young indi- 
viduals are truly simple, but older examples increase 
by calicular gemmation, a succession of vertically 
superimposed corallites being thus produced. In an 
individual of average size, the length is three inches, 
the diameter of the calice is an inch and a quarter, and 
the depth of the calice is an inch and a quarter. 
Large individuals occur, however, in which the length 
must have been between half-a-foot and a foot, whilst 
the diameter is nearly three inches. 
Our specimens agree exactly with those figured by 
Goldfuss in his great work, and there cannot be the 
smallest doubt as to their identity. Our specimens 
show, also, in a most marked manner, afeature which 
is present in most of the examples figured by Goldfuss 
—viz., growth by means of calicular gemmation, just 
as has been already described in Heliophyllum Halli. 
In this peculiar mode of increase (fig. 8) the coral 
attains a certain growth, and the calice becomes then 
more or less obliterated by the extension over it of the 
epitheca, Then a new bud is thrown up from the 
calice, generally directly above the old one, and this 
too continues to grow for a certain period. A third 
budis then produced in a similar manner, and a fourth, 
fifth, or sixth may be similarly produced, until the 
entire corallum may consist of a series of short turbi- 
Fig. 8. 
-Cystiphyllum vesiculosum (Goldfuss) of the natural . : 
size, Hamilton Formation, Arkona, nate cups, or inverted cones, superimposed one above 
