DESCRIPTIVE REMARKS. XXV 
Fossits oF THE Carapoc or Bata Rocks. 
Turs group of strata derives its name of Caradoc from the range of hills 
in Shropshire, of which Caer Caradoc is the highest, as on its flanks the 
strata are well exposed. In this county the beds consist mostly of sand- 
stones with impure shelly limestone and shales: in consequence of a 
fault, this formation is separated from the underlying Llandeilo Flags by 
the intervention of the Cambrian Rocks of the Longmynd. In North 
Wales, in the neighbourhood of Bala, Merionethshire, these strata con- 
sist of hard slaty rocks, occasionally sandy, with bands of a similar 
impure fossiliferous limestone, which in that district immediately over- 
lie the Llandeilo formation, and extending westward in undulations, 
constitute the slates of the summit of Snowdon. In Caermarthenshire 
and Pembrokeshire, South Wales, the same relative order of superposi- 
tion prevails, with a similar distinction between the organic remains of 
the Llandeilo and Caradoc groups of strata; the Llandeilo beds near 
Llandovery being regularly overlaid by slaty and arenaceous beds full 
of characteristic Caradoc fossils, these being again covered by the con- 
glomerates at the base of the Llandovery series. 
In the north-west of England the Skiddaw slates of Cumberland are 
proved to be of Lower Llandeilo age; and to the south of these lofty 
mountains of the Lake District, the Coniston limestone, with its over- 
lying flagstones or grits, by comparison of its organic remains, is clearly 
shown to be a representation of the Caradoc formation. 
In Ayrshire, Scotland, the limestones on the Stincher and Girvan 
rivers contain fossils of Caradoc types, the beds in which they occur 
being covered by conglomerates, sandstones, and shales of the Llando- 
very formation. 
In the north of Ireland, the shales and sandy strata of Tyrone, parts 
of Meath, with the Silurian limestones and shales of the county of Dub- 
lin, and that known as the Chair of Kildare, as well as large districts in 
Wicklow, Wexford, and Waterford, in many places abound with fossils 
also of Caradoc age. 
Plates x. to xiii. contain a selection of some of the most characteristic 
fossils. It is, however, obvious that amongst such a profusion of the 
remains of organic life as have been obtained from this formation, a 
comparatively small number only can be figured in a work like the 
present. 
Corats, always more prevalent in the limestones, are but feebly re- 
presented in argillaceous, sandy, or calcareous deposits, and although 
sometimes abundant, are of doubtful character. Whilst treating of this 
important class of fossils, the following diagram (fig. 5) will serve to 
d 
