10 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 
side. Nine plates of the next following tooth are seen in germ. From 
H. F.’s collection.—B.M. 
Extreme length, including beak, 16°6in. Extreme divergence of rami behind, 
14:1in. Height to alveolus, 4-4in. Height of condyle, 11-2in. Antero-posterior 
extent of ascending ramus, 7‘4in. Greatest thickness behind, 3°8in. Length of 
anterior right molar, 5'4in. Width, 2°3in. From inner side of symphysis to tip 
of beak, 3°3 in. 
Fig. 5.—Elephas Hysudricus. Extremely old lower jaw, right side, 
with the last tooth nearly worn out, and showing about five remaining 
plates extremely distorted. Belonged to an individual of small size. 
The figure is chiefly intended to show the distortion.—B.M. 
PuaTe IX. 
Elephas planifrons (Fale. and Caut.), from the Sewalik hills. Front 
view of skull, one-third of natural size. The forehead of this species 
is very flat; the naso-maxillary opening very small, and the occipital 
fissure very low.—B.M. 
PuaTe X. 
Elephas planifrons. Four different views of same cranium as figured 
in Plate IX. The last true molar is seen in germ and intact on the 
right side, and well worn on the other, so that the corresponding tooth 
on the right side of the lower jaw had probably been wanting. It has 
eleven ridges and a heel. The pterygoids are very low.—B.M. 
Extreme length of cranium from occiput to broken incisives, 25:in. Extreme 
width of occiput, 21:7in. Height of occiput (condyles broken), 13°7in. From 
middle of occipital notch to tip of nasals, 1l:in. Transverse diameter of nasal 
opening, 8°7 in. Vertical, 2°8in. Interval from posterior orbital process to margin 
of nasal opening (partly broken), 8°3in. Estimated width at posterior orbital 
processes, 27°8in. Greatest contraction between the temporals, 14°7in. From 
oceiput to anterior margin of orbits, 20°7 in. Width of muzzle at orbital 
foramina, 12°5in. Depth from surface of molar to brow at contraction between 
the temporals, 16-in. Antero-posterior diameter of orbit, 4°6in. Transverse 
ditto, 4-5in. Length of right molar, 9°7in. Greatest height of crown plates, 
unworn, 4:in. Width of crown in worn tooth, 3°65 in. 
Prats el. 
Fig. 1.—lephas planifrons. Fine specimen of old palate, with last 
molar of either side. <A section was made of the right molar, which 
consisted of ten ridges, back heel inclusive. The section showed the 
anterior fang complete; the enamel very thick ; general expansion of 
the plates ; points in the plates very few, fewer even than in LH. znsignis. 
Specimen in Mr. W. Ewer’s collection (See note, page 14, No. 1). 
Length of last molar, left, 11-in. Width in front, 45in. Width at seventh 
ridge, 3°5in. Interval between the teeth in front, 2°6in. Interval behind at niche 
of palate, 5:4 in. 
Fig. 2.—E. planifrons.—Superb specimen of lower jaw. It has two 
mental foramina placed, as in fig. 3, much wornin front. The last true 
molar is beautifully preserved on either side. They have thirteen 
principal ridges, and a back heel and front ridge; enamel very thick ; 
points few; an intermediate mammilla, the detrition of which causes the 
mesial expansion ; the tooth curves a good deal out. No long spout as 
in HE. Africanus. From Sir Proby Cautley’s collection (See note, page 
14, No. 2).—B.M. 
Extreme length of jaw, 19:'2in. Divergence of rami behind (outer surfaces), 
