14 
heel, or possibly fourteen. 
FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 
Resembles very much an unfigured speci- 
men in H. F.’s collection (See note, No. 3).!—B.M. 
Length of molar, 12°7 in.; width, 3°6 in. ; height at tenth ridge. 4°5 in. 
Fig. 13 a.—Hlephas Hysudricus. (Has no connection with fig. 13. Is 
misnamed HL. planifrons on plate.) It is the last molar, right side, lower 
jaw. Has a peculiar slew or twist in the wear, in front from the inside 
out, and behind from the outside inwards. Is an enormous tooth. Shows 
the anterior fang in section, only one or two plates gone; enamel very 
thick and plaited; mesial expansion. Has ten plates and a heel_—B.M. 
Length of tooth, 11:3 in.; width in front, 3°9 in. ; in middle, 4°4 in. 
Height of jaw to crown of molar behind, 9° in. 
alveolar margin, 9° in. 
thickness of Jaw, 6°3 in. 
1 The following notes refer to unfigured 
specimens of Hlephas planifrons :— 
1.—The most characteristic specimen 
of this species consisting of the last 
molar, upper jaw, has not been figured. 
Its measurements are: extreme length, 
1l‘in.; width in front at second ridge, 
3°7 in.; ditto at eighth ridge, base, 3°8 
in.; ditto at eighth ridge, near apex, 
2°4in.; height at eighth ridge, measured 
from reflection of euamel plates below, 
4:8 in. Number of principal ridges 
twelve, with a front ridge and heel. 
This tooth resembles very much in wear 
Mr. Ewer’s specimen, Pl. xi. fig. 1, 
and H. F.’s specimen, Pl. xii. fig. 5. 
Of the 12 plates composing it, the first 
eight are touched by wear. The front 
subordinate ridge is joined on by a neck 
or reduplication of enamel to the first 
principal ridge. The enamel is very 
thick. There is a good deal of crimp- 
ing in the first three ridges, but no great 
amount of mesial expansion. The points 
are few in number, there being only six 
which are worn into round rings to the 
seventh ridge. A comparison of this tooth 
with the last upper molar of Hlephas 
Hysudricus is as follows : 
E. planifrons EB, Hysudricus 
Extreme length of Inches Inches 
last upper molar 11:0 11:0 
Width in front at 
2nd ridge F 37 3-4 
Width at 8thridge 2-4 3°3 
Heightat8thridge 48 5-4 
2.—A superb specimen of the lower 
jaw in H. F.’s collection. The specimen 
has the left molar entire; of the right, 
only the first eight ridges remain; all the 
ridges on to the heel are worn. Enamel 
very thick with beautifully marked me- 
sial expansion, forming a sharp loop. 
The back loop of one plate nearly in 
contact with the front lamina of the next 
ridge! Is a most beautiful and charac- 
teristic specimen. The beak, although 
broken, projects sufficiently to prevent 
the ramus from resting on its lower sur- 
Height to 
Greatest 
face. The diastemal ridges are not 
raised as in EL. antiquus (EF. meridionalis 
in note of date about 1846, see note, 
p-. 28), but form a broad flat beak (not 
sharp and narrow, as in E. insignis) 
which projects downwards as in the 
African Elephant, although it is more 
abruptly bent down, shorter and flatter, 
something as in H. primigenius. In this 
respect the specimen is more perfect 
than Pl. xi. fig. 2. The molars are 
nearly parallel in front, and diverge 
afterwards. There are three outer men- 
tary foramina, and one on the inside. 
The backmost foramen begins below the 
front fang of the molar; the two others 
are on the same sloping line in front. 
Extreme length, 21:6 in. Height to 
alveolus, 7°5 in. Greatest width, 7:7 in. 
Interval between teeth in front, 3°8 in. 
Width of diasteme, just below the be- 
ginning of the symphysis, 3°d in. 
Length of the left molar, 11:0 in. ; width 
at third ridge, 29 in.; greatest width in 
| the middle, 3°3 in.; height of 8th plate, 
3:0 in.; number of plates, 13 and a heel. 
3.—Specimen of the entire last lower 
molar, right side, contained in a mutilated 
lower jaw. This magnificent specimen 
shows the entire length of the tooth, and 
a small portion of the penultimate in 
front of it. The seven anterior ridges 
are touched by wear. The enamel is 
very thick with a mesial expansion and 
somewhat crimped. The sixth ridge 
shows six annular dises; the seventh 
only five points. The tooth is very 
broad ; much cement; the last plate or 
heel is an oblique splent of only three 
or four irregularly placed points. The 
fang projects behind it. The tooth in 
its direction curves much outwards, and 
is very nearly of the same width from 
back to front. 
Extreme length of last molar, 11-8 in. 
Extreme width at sixth ridge, 3-9 in. 
Height at eleventh plate, 4°6 in. Number 
of principal ridges 14, and a small heel 
of three points. 
