DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 19 
shows a longitudinal vertical section of the tooth. Presented by C. 
Frazer, Esq., to India House.—B.M. 
Length, 7-9 in. Width behind, 2°5 in, Width in front, 4°2 in. Height anteriorly, 
2:in. Height posteriorly, 8-4 in. 
Figs. 2 and 2 a.—Hlephas Namadicus. Palate with sixth or last 
molar on both sides. Presented by C. Frazer, Esq.—B.M. 
Length of fragment of grinding surface of molar of right side, 7°3 in. Greatest 
breadth posteriorly, 3: in. Length of fragment of left side, 6°9 in. Width posteriorly 
atfirst plate, 2°6in. Width at fifth plate, 3-8 in. Width of palate posteriorly, 5°3 in. 
Width of palate anteriorly, 4:9 in. 
Figs. 3 and 3 a.—Hlephas Namadicus. Fragment of upper true molar 
with six plates; enamel crimped. 
Length of fragment, 4°2 in. Width at second plate, 2°9 in. Width of posterior 
plate, 2°in. Greatest height, 6:1 in. 
Puate XIII. A. 
Lower Jaws of Elephants viewed from above. 
Fig. 1.—Elephas primigenius. Old. One mentary foramen inside 
and three outside. Right true molar has thirteen plates, and measures 
9-4 in. in length, and 3°6 in. in width. 
Fig. 2.—E. primigenius. Young. Contains the antepenultimate or 
first true molar on either side with twelve ridges, and a small heel and 
front ridge, all of which, except the posterior talon, are affected by wear. 
The plates are very fine. The tooth is not so broad relatively to the 
length as in other specimens. The discs of wear form closely com- 
pressed transverse bands, with attenuated plates of enamel. Some of 
these plates differ from the ordinary type of the Mammoth in exhibiting 
a certain amount of irregular crimping, but in no degree approaching 
that seen in the Indian Elephant, this character concurring with a less 
than ordinary width of crown. The penultimate true molar is seen in 
germ behind. ‘There is one inner mentary foramen on either side. 
A Rhine specimen from Dr. Kaup. 
Extreme length of jaw, 16°8 in. Extreme expansion behind, 16: in. Height to 
broken condyle, 12°5 in. Height to alveolus, 4-7 in. Thickness of jaw at middle, 
4:8 in. Length of molar, 5-4 in. Width, 2-2 in, 
Fig. 3.—E. primigenius. English fossil specimen, with two last 
true molars on either side. In the last left molar there are eighteen 
plates in 7-7 inches. The jaw has a short beak, and one inner mentary 
foramen on either side. In this, as in figs. 1 and 2, representing the 
jaw at different ages, it is to be noted that the opposite lines of molars 
are more or less convergent instead of being parallel, or nearly so, as 
laid down by Cuvier.—B.M. 
Extreme length of jaw, 23°6 in. Divergence of rami behind, 21:3 in. Height at 
alveolus, 7°2 in. Greatest width of jaw, 6°3 in. Breadth of condyle, 10°3 in. Width 
of last molar, 2°8 in. 
Fig. 4.—Elephas antiquus.? Lower jaw with penultimate and last true 
molars on either side. The last molar is very perfect and has seventeen 
plates, of which the nine anterior ones only are worn. Only six plates of 
1 Another lower jaw of E. primigenius, | in front and one inside. It is yery 
not figured, from Siberia, contains the | circular in outline in front. 
last molar only, very much worn. It| Extreme length, 22°5 in. Height to 
has thirteen plates in 8°9 in., is very | condyle, 18-7 in. 
narrow, and has hardly any crimping. 2Misnamed ‘ £. meridionalis’ in Plate. 
It has one large outer mentary foramen | See notes pages 18 and 23. 
