DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 21 
Figs. 2, 2 a, and 2 b.—Elephas antiquus.' Second upper right milk 
molar, with six ridges and a heel, from Grays, in Hssex.—B.M. 
Length, 2°4 in. Width, 1°3 in. 
Bigs, 3 and 3 a.—E. primigenius, probably (sic). Small milk molar: 
9 ridges. 
Fie. 4.—EKlephas Africanus. Lower jaw of young animal with pre- 
antepenultimate (a), antepenultimate (b), and penultimate milk molars 
on both sides. The right penultimate molar has six plates and a heel. 
This is the interesting specimen figured and described by De Blainville. 
Length of jaw, 9°7 in. Length of penultimate right milk molar, 2°3 in. Width, 
‘9 in, 
Figs. 5 and 5 a.—Elephas Africanus. Penultimate right lower 
molar, with eight ridges and a heel. The ridges are broad, and the 
fangs supporting the five posterior ridges are confluent. 
Length, 7-4 in. Width of crown, 24 in. Height of crown at eighth plate, 
3-4 in, 
Fig. 6.—Elephas priscus. Mutilated fragment of penultimate 
lower molar, left side, from the brick-earth deposits of the valley of the 
Thames. Shows only the entire discs of five partially worn ridges. 
The outline of the discs corresponds very closely in form with those of 
the posterior ridges of the larger specimen from Gray’s Thurrock, 
shown in fig. 7. There is the same mesial angular expansion, and a 
still greater tendency to the discs assuming a crescentic form. The 
mutilated state of the specimen renders its identification somewhat 
doubtful, but it is inferred to belong to H. priscus.—No. 18,966 B.M. 
Length, 5°in. Width, 3°in. Height behind, 2°8 in. 
Figs. 7 and 7 a.—Elephas priscus. This is a most interesting spe- 
cimen from Gray’s Thurrock, purchased from Mr. Ball, of last lower 
molar, left side, containing eight ridges, heel inclusive. It is slightly 
concave on the outside, and convex on the inner side. A small portion 
of the anterior end—two plates, perhaps—is broken off. The fangs of 
the whole of the anterior part remain attached. ‘The seven anterior 
plates are worn down to wide discs; the hind talon has also begun to 
wear. Is excessively like African Elephant in lozenge-shaped expan- 
sion, and in the thickness of the enamel lamelle. The rhomb form is 
not so sharply defined in the discs of wear, but the greatest expansion 
is at the centre, where there is a tendency to an outlying loop (Vide 
fis 5). Besides the great expansion, this tooth differs from all true 
E. antiquus specimens in the lowness of the crown ridges (Vide Pl. 
XIV. A., passim, and especially fig. 8). If not a separate species, is a 
very marked variety.—No. 39,370 B.M. 
Fig. 7 b.—Longitudinal section of same molar of E. priscus. Shows 
the closest relation to the existing African Elephant (PI. II. fig. 4 },) in 
all that relates to the relative proportions of the alternate layers of 
ivory, enamel, and cement, and in the cuneiform character of the 
ridges.2 (R eproduced i in Plate VII. of vol. 11.) 
Length of molar, 7°8 in. Width of crown at first plate, 2°35 in.; at ‘second, 
2°6 in.; at third, 2°75 in.; at fourth, 2°8 in. ; at fifth, 2°7 in.; at sixth, 2°45 in. 
at seventh, 1°8 in.; at talon, 1:3in. Height at seventh plate, 2°5 in. Tapani 
‘Misnamed Elephas meridionalis in | and E. Africanus are considered in de- 
Plate. See notes pages 18 and 23, tail in Dr. F.’s Memoir on Fossil Ele- 
*'The differences between H. priscus | phants. 
