38 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 
Figs. 6 and 6 a.—E. Ganesa. Portion of lower jaw, left side, with 
fragment of last true molar, showing anterior 9 ridges. 
Length of tooth fragment, 9°3 in.; greatest width, 3°8 in. 
Figs. 7 and 7 a.—E. Ganesa. Lower jaw, right side, with last molar. 
Shows the back part of the tooth, on to the anterior large fang. —B.M. 
Length of fragment of jaw, 18'in. Length of fragment of tooth, 8:5in.; width, 
3°3 in. 
PLaTe XXVI. 
Elephas bombifrons (Fale. and Caut.). From the Sewalik hills. 
Anterior view of large head.—B.M. 
Extreme length from occipital to broken incisive, 34°2 in. Length from occi- 
pital to commencement of diasteme, 32°2 in. Occiput to tips of nasals, 16:2 in. 
Middle of naso-maxillary fissure, 14°7in. Semi-diameter of brow at the post- 
orbitary, 12°2 in. Width of brow at post-orbitary, 24-4 in. Width of muzzle at 
contraction near orbitary foramen, 16°8 in. Width of inter-incisive fossa, 5°3 in.; 
depth of fossa below incisive sheaths, 6-in. Greatest contraction of brow, 13°3 in. 
Antero-posterior diameter of orbit, 6°-in. Width of palate in front, 2°in. Width 
of palate at middle, 4°5in. Width of palate behind, 4°6in. Height of pterygoid, 
11:2in. Transverse diameter of left tusk, 3°3 in. 
PuaTe XXVIII. 
Elephas bombifrons (Fale. and Caut.). Very fine and perfect skull, 
anterior view. Four other views of same skull are given in Plate 
XXVIII. This head is very marked; it is convex from oeciput to 
front and also across, and is very narrow at the temporal contraction. 
The bounding ridges sweep round by a bold curve into the post- 
orbitary processes, as in J. meridionalis. There is a deep furrow 
between the tusks. The nasal opening for the trunk is above the 
line (or nearly so) of the post-orbitary processes of the frontal bone. 
Above the infra-orbitary foramen on the right side there is another 
smaller opening. (On a proof copy of the plate this species is designated 
Elephas intermedius, or Mastodon Elephantoides of Clift.)—B.M. 
Extreme length from occiput to broken incisives, 27°in. From occipital condyles 
to anterior border of alveolus of molar, 23:2in. Vertical length of head from broken 
condyle to tip of occiput, 17°7in. Greatest width of occiput, 25°5in. Interval 
between auditory foramina, 21°5in. From anterior margin occipital foramen to 
the posterior surface palate, 14:in. Length of palate from niche to the downward 
bend of tusk-sheaths, 12°5 in. Interval between outer surface of teeth, behind, 9°8 in. 
Int. between outer surf. teeth, infront, 9°in. Length of right molar, 10:-2in. Width 
in front of molar, 3°7 in. Width behind, 3-4in. Interval between molars, in front, 1* in. 
Interval behind, extremely divergent, 4°2in.; number of ridges 9 and aheel, 8 front 
worn. From occiput (middle) to tip of nasals, 13°8 in. Width of brow across post- 
orbitary processes, 22-4in. Greatest contraction temporal fossa, 10°8in. Trans- 
verse diameter nasal opening, 11°3in. Depth of nasal opening at sides, 2°5in. In- 
terval between middle of orbits, 19°5in. Vertical height of orbit, 46 in. Height 
from posterior surface palate to the middle of bulge of frontal, 23°5 in. From the 
anterior margin orbit to surface of occiput, 20°in. Width across incisive sheaths 
at base, 12°5in.; interval between, about middle, 2°8in. Depth of fossa between 
inc. sh., 4: in. Vertical diameter left tusk, 3°6in. Transverse diameter of left 
tusk, 3°3in. 
Puate XXVIII. 
Fig. 1.—Hlephas bombifrons. Lateral view of same skull, as figured 
in Plate XX VII.—B.M. 
Fig. 2.—E. bombifrons. Palate view of same skull, showing sections of 
tusks, and last? true molar on either side, with 9 ridges and a heel ; 
