42 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 
true molar, upper jaw, left side, entire, detached, and beautifully pre- 
served. It has six ridges and a small hind talon. The tooth is nearly 
oblong. The enamel is somewhat fluted, and there is very little 
cement. There is very little convexity of the tooth across, and no 
distinct indication of the mesial dividmg le. There are as many as 
eleven to twelve denticles or points. The tooth is compressed and 
angular in front, and the three front ridges are worn. This tooth is 
also represented by fig. 6 of Plate XXXIX. of Mr. Clift’s Memoir 
(Geol. Trans., vol. ii., 2nd series). It is there described as Mastodon 
Elephantoides, under which title Mr. Clift included specimens referred 
by Dr. Falconer to two distinct forms.! Its elephantine affinities are 
indicated by the absence of a longitudinal line of division along the 
crown, and by the great number of points that enter into the composi- 
tion of the ridges.—Cast in B.M. 
Length, 6:1 in. Width in front, 3-in. Width behind, 3°3 in. 
Figs. 3 and 8 a.—Elephas Cliftii. Superb palate specimen contain- 
ing the penultimate true molar zm situ on both sides. The tooth is 
proved to be the penultimate by its large dimensions, and by the cir- 
cumstance that two or three ridges of another tooth (third true molar) 
is seen behind it.2 The crown ridges are all more or less worn and 
partly damaged by fracture, but enough remains to show that the tooth 
was composed of six ridges and a hind talon. The palate is very flat, 
and the teeth on either side (in the erect position of the skull) slope 
upwards from without inwards. The teeth have very little cement. 
The diastemal ridges are wide apart. The right ridge shows the tusk- 
sheath; there is very little verticality of the tusk. The slope of grind- 
ing surface from without inwards is a mastodontoid character, which is 
very notably seen in Mr. W. Ewer’s specimen of M. Sivalensis (Plate 
XXXIV. fig. 1). In the Hlephas insignis the tendency of the grinding 
surface is to shelve upwards from the inside outwards, being the reverse 
of what holds in #. Cliftii.8 This very important specimen is from 
Burmah, and is now in the Museum of the Geological Society. It is also 
represented by Clift in Plate XXXVI. of his Memoir in the Geological 
Transactions, vol. ii., 2nd series. The remaining portion of the upper 
jaw containing the last true molar is believed to be in the Museum of 
the Asiatic Society of Bengal (See antea, p. 114). 
Extreme length of specimen, 19°in. Width of jaw at middie of molar, 8: in., doubled 
=16'in. Length of anterior molar, 8:2 in. Width, 4: in. Width of palate in 
front, 2°5 in. Width of palate between diastemal ridges, 4°8 in. 
Figs. 4, 4 a, and 4 6.—Klephas Clifii. A fragment of the penulti- 
mate molar, upper jaw, right side, with five ridges, shown also in 
section (fig. 45). Made out approximately to be #. Cliftii. Cement 
in moderate quantity.— B.M. 
Length, 6°6 in. Width, 3°8 in. 
Figs. 5 and 5 a.—#. Cliftit. Last true molar, lower jaw, left side, 
consisting of eight ridges and a talon. Five ridges are touched by 
wear, and the two anterior ridges are nearly worn out. The anterior 
large fang has been absorbed, but the portion of crown sustained by it 
1 See note 1, page 41. | upper molars is as markedly from the 
2 See note 2, page 41. inside outwards and upwards, as it is the 
3 In Col. Farquhar’s specimen of the | reverse from outside inwards in Masto- 
Indian Elephant, the plane of wearin the | don Sivalensis. 
