DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 2 
includes a greater number of divisions (17 or 18) than is usual in the 
last inferior grinder of EH. Hysudricus. The specimen is now cut 
into sections. —B.M. 
Puate VIII. 
Fig. 1.—Elephas Hysudricus. Specimen of cranium in Mr. W. Ewer’s 
collection. Shows the palate with the first and second true molars and 
tusks on both sides; the first well worn, and partly ground away in 
front; the second has the first four ridges well worn. The molars 
consist of ten ridges and a large heel ridge, eleven in all. The tusks of 
the opposite sides do not correspond, the left being nearly circular and 
the right oval. One large sub-orbital foramen. 
Depth from back molar to the front at top of incisives, 17°5in. Contraction of 
muzzle at sub-orbital foramen, 13°8in. Breadth, outer surface maxillaries, 9°1 in. 
Vertical diameter, left tusk, 5-7 in. Transverse diameter, 5'1in. Greatest diameter, 
right tusk, 6°2in. Least, 4°3in. Interval between teeth in front, 2°2in. Behind, 
at niche of palate, 3:in. Length of anterior (first true) molar, 4*°1in. Width, 2°7 in. 
Number of ‘ridges remaining, 5 and a heel. Length of left back molar, 8: in. 
Width in front, 3-in. Number of ridges, 10 and a large heel. 
Figs. 2 and 2 a.—Elephas planifrons (misnamed EH. Hysudricus in 
plate). Very perfect specimen of lower jaw. Has three mentary fora- 
mina on the right side, only two on the left ; none on either side at the 
symphysis. The beak is very deep and thick, and appears to have 
terminated bluntly. The enamel is very thick. The teeth are certainly 
the last of the lower jaw, with few points to the back ridges. The slope 
of wear inclines very much from the outside inwards, the difference 
being nearly ? inch, at the third ridge of the left side. The front fang 
portion has dropped out. Nine ridges remain in the left tooth; on the 
right side are the remains of ten or eleven. The teeth are very broad, 
and there is considerable mesial expansion.—B.M. 
Extreme length of mght side, 24:in. Divergence of rami behind, 21:6 in. Height 
to front of alveolus, right side, 8°3in. Greatest thickness behind, 6°7in. Length 
of right molar, 8°8 in. Greatest width, 3°8 in. Distance between the teeth in front, 
2°8in. Divergence of teeth behind, 5°6 in. 
Fig. 3.—Elephas Hysudricus. Lower jaw of small-sized adult. The 
inside only of this specimen has been figured, and only the portion from 
the last ridge backwards as a fragment. It is a very old jaw with the 
last molar. The anterior part of the tooth had dropped out. The last 
ten ridges remain, all of them worn. The enamel is thick, but very 
much crimped, and the plates are close together. The condyle is 
broad and very convex, and the long axis, instead of being transverse, 
runs obliquely fore and aft. The edge connecting with coronoid 
commences immediately below the condyle, instead of sloping down 
with a narrow neck as in LE. planifrons (See Plate XI. fig. 3).—B.M. 
Extreme length of Jaw, 19: in. Height of ramus to top of condyle, 17:7 in. Trans- 
verse diameter of condyle, 4-5in. Antero-posterior diameter, 2°8in. Greatest 
thickness of ramus behind, 5-7 in. Antero-posterior extent of ascending ramus, 
9:°6in, Height to alveolus, 6-2in. Length of remaining portion of molar, 9°d in. 
Width, 3:1 in. 
Fig. 4 (and Plate XIII. A. fig. 7).—Elephas Hysudricus. Beautiful 
specimen of entire lower jaw, with two molars. The number of plates 
in the anterior molar is nine, with a front ridge and a small heel, inner 
