6 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 
Prats TV, 
Elephas Hysudricus. (Fale. and Caut.), from the Sewalik hills. Front 
view of skull, one-fifth nat. size. This fine specimen was purchased 
from Conductor Dawe.—B.M. 
Length of the cranium from the protuberances of the occipital to the broken tip 
of left incisive, 45° in. Length from broken occipital condyles to anterior border of 
alveolus, 28°in. Vertical height of head, from broken condyles to the pyramidal 
bulge of sinciput, 26:in. Vertical height from surface of occipital to the tip of the 
nasals, 27°75 in. Extreme width of the head restored on left side, 38°5 in. Width 
at narrowest part of forehead between zygomatic fossee, 10°5in. Width of naso-maxil- 
lary fissure, 18°5in. Depth from tip of nasals to anterior margin of naso-maxillary 
fissure, 3°56 in. Depth of rami of naso-maxillary fissure, 4: in. Width between middle 
of the orbits, mesial, 26° in. Greatest width of zygomatic fossa, 12° in. Depth from 
hollow of frontal to condyles, 20°. Depth from posterior border alveolus to margin 
of naso-maxillary fissure, 21:5 in. Length of alveolus of last grinder, 10°5in. Depth 
of hollow of frontal below mesial plane, 4:5 in. Extreme width of alveolus, 4°75 in. 
Width of incisive sheath in front of the alveolus, 18°5in. Transverse diameter of the 
left tusk, 7-6 in. Antero-post. of the left tusk, 7°75 in. Depth below mesial plane of the 
occipital hollow, 8:5 in. Width of bottom of occipital hollow, 5°75 in. Depth of pos- 
terior bulge of the cranium from the occipital bone to surface of zygomatic fossa, 
15°5 in. Least width at back part of cranium behind the alveoli, 8°5 in. Depth from 
posterior broken surface of condyle to the posterior border of the alveolus, 19: in. 
Depth of infra-orbital foramen, 2°5 in. Transverse diameter of foramen, 1°75 in. 
Length of infra-orbital canal, 6° in. Depth of the left orbit, 6°75 in. From 
anterior margin auditory foramen to anterior border of the orbit, 20: in. Vertical . 
diameter auditory foramen, 1‘5 in. Depth of the fossa between incisive sheaths at 
the top of it, 6° in. Width across fossa, 3°in. Depth of the naso- maxillary vault, 
12°in. Depth of skull from posterior end of socket to the orbit, 22°5 in. 
PuaTe V. 
Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4.—Elephas Hysudricus. Four different views of 
same skull as in Plate IV., 3 nat. size.—B.M. 
BEATE AVAL 
Figs. 1 and 2.—Elephas Hysudricus. Perfect small head from the 
Geol. Soc. Museum, with the second and third milk molars, and first 
true molar in germ. The second milk molar on left side is much 
worn. ‘The infra-orbital hole is very large. The tusks are oval on 
section, as shown in fig. 3 of another animal of same age. The palatal 
bones are divergent in front. The tusks are also a little divergent, 
and are very near in size those of the young Indian Elephant, but are 
narrower in front and more convex. ‘The palate is not figured.—B.M. 
Extreme length from occipital crest to broken incisor, 23°3in. Length from 
occiput to tip of nasals, 13°8in. Width of nasal opening, 7:1 in. Depth of nas. op. at 
sides, 2°8in. From lower end of nasal opening to tip of incisives, 9°5in. Semi- 
diameter from tip of nasals to left orbit, 6°3in. Width of brow, 12°6in. Width 
at contraction of incisive sheaths, 5‘6in. Extreme length of orbit, 3-5in. Width 
at tips of incisive sheaths, 56in. Vertical diameter of left tusk, 1‘8in. Transverse 
diameter of left tusk, 1‘5in. From outer margin of orbit to occiput, 16°8.in. Width 
of brow at temporal contraction, 6°in. Length of second milk molar, 2:1 in. Width 
of second milk molar behind, 16in. Number of plates, 5. Length of third milk 
molar, 4°3 in. Width in front, 2-lin. No. of ridges 7, witha front and heel ridge. 
‘Interval between second milk molars A infront, 1:9in. Interval between third, 2-2 in. 
From niche of palate to commencement of diasteme, 5°3in. Length of diastemal ridges 
to tip, 63in. Interval between ridges at base, 1-4 in. Expansion at tip, 2°9 in. 
Fig. 3.—Hlephas Hysudricus, under surface of young skull. This 
