A 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES 
IN 
THE FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 
[Tus description has been mainly compiled from the following 
sources :—1. Memoranda in Dr. Falconer’s note-books and papers ; 
2. References to certain of the figures in his published memoirs on 
Elephant, Mastodon, &c.; 38. References to other figures in his 
correspondence with scientific friends; and 4. Labels in his handwriting 
on the specimens figured which are now in the British Museum. 
Although the figures are drawn to scale, the actual measurements have, 
as far as practicable, been introduced into the description of each 
figure. It has been thought that by their means, the value of the 
descriptions would be increased to those who have not an opportu- 
nity of consulting the Plates, and that even to those who possess 
the Plates the comparison of specimens would be facilitated. The 
measurements are given in English inches, and in tenths of an inch. 
The letters B.M. indicate that the specimen referred to is in the 
British Museum. | 
Plates I., II., and III. are intended to represent, by careful copies of 
nature, the modifications in structure and form exhibited by the molar 
teeth of the Proboscidea. They show in vertical sections a series of 
gradations, commencing with Dinothertum and Mastodon Ohioticus at one 
extremity, and running through the other species to Hlephas primigenius, 
in which the greatest deviation from the ordinary form of a grinding 
tooth is met with. 
Puate I. 
Fig. 1.—Elephas primigenius, or the true Mammoth: longitudinal 
and vertical section of last upper molar, left side, from an English 
specimen found near Kingsland, and formerly in the Museum of the 
Geological Society. Shows the ‘ridge formula’ and the form and 
relative proportions of the alternate layers of ivory. The section 
closely resembles that of the corresponding tooth of the Indian 
Elephant, but the ivory segments are even thinner, more vertical, 
angé more approximated. ‘The disposition of the plates presents the 
