48 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 
presenting the appearance of a reeded column or of a number of cords 
pressed close together, is remarkable. This character is not present in 
the corresponding young molars of Mastodon longirostris, Pl. XL. fig. 6, 
in which the enamel is irregularly wrinkled but never presents the 
symmetrical fluting observed in the ‘Crag’ Mastodon. This dif- 
ference indeed is sufficient to distinguish the young teeth of the two 
species. Discovered in the ‘Crag’ at Postwick by Mr. Wigham, and 
figured by Lyell, ‘Manual of Elementary Geology,’ 5th ed. 1859, 
p-. 166, fig. 1338. 
Length of tooth, 2°9 in. Width anteriorly, 1:7 in. Width posteriorly, 1:8 in. 
Width of grinding surface, 1:2 in. 
Figs. 8 and 8 a.—Mastodon Arvernensis. Last true molar, upper 
jaw, right side, composed of five ridges with an anterior talon, and a 
strong back talon. The crown isobscurely divided longitudinally by a 
shallow cleft along its axis. Deep clefts or valleys intervene between 
the ridges; but the valleys, instead of being transverse, are interrupted 
in the middle by one or more large accessory conical mammille, 
interposed between the ridges and alternating with the outer and inner 
divisions. This is the famous Whittingham tooth forming the frontis- 
piece of Mr. W. Smith’s ‘Strata Identified,’ and of which a woodcut 
(reversed) is given in Owen’s ‘ British Fossil Mammalia,’ p. 276. 
Length of tooth, 7°in. Width, 2°9 in. 
Figs. 9 and 9 a.—Mastodon Arvernensis. Another specimen of last 
true molar, upper jaw, left side. This is Captain Alexander’s specimen 
dredged up between Southwold and Easton, and of which there is a 
cast in the Museum of the Geological Society. The specimen is very 
black with a sandy matrix and no vertical pillarmg. The crown con- 
sists of five ridges and a heel ridge of four points. The anterior edge 
is broken. The enamel is very thick. There are three sub-alternate 
mammille in the first valley. The second and third ridges are very 
closely approximated, with but one intermediate mammilla. The third 
and fourth are wide apart with three mammille in the valley. The 
fourth and fifth have but one intermediate mammilla. 
Figs. 10 and 10 a.—Mastodon longirostris. Antepenultimate true 
molar, upper jaw. From Eppelsheim. Cast in B.M. 
Length, 4°56 in. Width, 2°6 in. 
Figs. 11 and 11 a.—Mastodon longirostris. Penultimate true molar 
from Eppelsheim. Cast in B.M. 
Extreme length, 5-4 in. Width anteriorly, 3° in. Width posteriorly, 3°3 in. 
Figs. 12 and 12 a.—WMastodon longirostris. Last true molar, upper 
jaw. Shows five ridges and a talon. The crown is broader, and the 
mammille thicker in proportion to their height, than in M. Arvernensis. 
The ridges also are less elevated, and consist of a greater number of 
coronal points. The valleys are either entirely open and transverse, or 
interrupted only by an insignificant number of warty tubercles. From 
Eppelsheim. Cast in B.M. 
Length, 9° in. Width, 3-8 in. 
Figs. i8 and 13 a.—Mastodon longirostris. Last true molar, upper 
jaw, presenting some characters as fig. 12. From Eppelsheim. Cast 
in B.M, : 
Length, 6°8 in. Width, 29 in, 
