56 
FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 
In these four plates! the skulls are classified, and are arranged 1n a 
series forming a transition from one to the other, as follows : ? 
J. TRILOPHODONTES. 
1.—Dinotherium giganteum (after Kaup), with two large deflected 
tusks in lower jaw. 
2.—Dinotherium Indicum (not figured). 
3.—Mastodon Tapiroides (not figured). 
4.— Mastodon Ohioticus* (copied from American Phil. Transactions, 
1838, vol. viii. Plate III., adding a tusk to lower jaw). 
5.—Mastodon angustidens (De Blainville’s Ostéographie, Plate II1.). 
6.—Mastodon Andium (British Museum specimen). 
Il. TETRALOPHODONTES. 
7.—Mastodon Perimensis (Indian collection, see Plates XXXVIITI. 
and XXXIX.). 
8.—Mastodon Sivalensis (Indian collection, see Plates XXXIL., 
XXXIIL, and XXXIV.). 
9.—Mastodon Arvernensis (after Nesti, imperfect). 
10.—Mastodon longirostris (after Kaup, imperfect). 
11.—WMastodon latidens (not figured). 
III. STeGopontTes. 
12.—Elephas Cliftii, Clift’s specimen, very imperfect. 
13.—Elephas bombifrons (Indian collection, see Plate XX VII.). 
14.—Elephas Ganesa (Col. 
Museum, see Plate XXI.). 
1 Reproduced in vol. 11. 
2 Note by Dr. F. in 1857.—‘ The views 
which we entertain were fully elucidated 
in 1847 in the four plates of outline- 
heads, from Plate xli. to xly. of the 
“Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,” where a 
synopsis is given of all the species, fossil 
and recent, then known. The forms 
included under the nominal species of 
M. angustidens of Cuvier, are there 
ranged as four distinct species, viz. :— 
M. (Triloph.) angustidens, M. (Triloph.) 
Andium, M. (Tetraloph.) longirostris, 
and M. (Tetraloph.) Arvernensis, The 
only change which subsequent investiga- 
tion on fresh materials has led us to 
make is to transfer MW. Andiwm from the 
subgenus Trilophodon into that of 
Tetralophodon. In 1863, however, Dr. 
F, expressed the opinion that M. Andiwm 
would, after all, prove to belong to the 
Trilophodon group (Memoir on Hlephas 
Columbi in “ Nat. Hist. Rey.” 1863.) 
3 Memorandum by Dr. F. on broken 
head of Mastodon Ohioticus—‘ The 
occiput forms a vertical plane, the con- 
dyles being right under the base, and 
not projecting behind. The crista gall 
is not very large, and the lgamentary 
depression is shallow with divergent 
Baker’s huge cranium in British 
lobes, broad above and narrow below. 
The pterygoid alz of the sphenoid, 
instead of overlapping the maxillaries 
by a conical lamina, rise up in a rough 
rugous stem, and are much behind the 
last teeth, which are very divergent. 
The pterygoids are low, but not more so 
than (if so much as) in MW. Perimensis. 
‘Extreme length of cranium from 
occiput to incisive tips, 34:2in. Width 
of brow at post orbitaries, 19°6 in. Width 
at contraction of muzzle near sub-orbitary 
foramen, 15°2in. Width of nasal open- 
ing, 5'4in. Antero-posterior diameter 
of orbit, 56in. From anterior margin 
of orbit to occipital plane, 22-in. Width 
across occipital condyles, 8-7in. From 
anterior margin of occipital hole to niche 
of palate, 11-5in. Height of the ptery- 
goid alae from Vidian hole, 8-5in. From 
back of molar to edge of pterygoid, 4°2 
in. Length of molar with four ridges 
and a heel, 6-7 in. Width of palate in 
front of penultimate teeth, 3°9 in. Width 
behind, 3-9 in. Length of palate from 
niche to diasteme, 13-in. Interval be- 
tween diastemal ridges at commence- 
ment, 4‘5in. Interval between tips of 
| divergence, 5°6 in.!’ 
