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erosses it at right-angles. In front of this ‘is found the 
seventh spinal sympathetic ganglion (7'). At this region 
the two cords are connected by a transverse commissure 
below the dorsal aorta and bearing a pair of ganglia (7"), 
formed as shown in the figure, and the cord of the right 
side is also looped. There are two RR. communicantes to 
the ventral ramus of the sixth spinal nerve (com. v2.), but 
in front of this, beyond a leop for a renal vein and a very 
small ganglion in front of ganglion 5 (5’), there are no 
features of special interest until we come to the second 
spinal sympathetic ganglion. 
The sympathetic behind the second ganglion les 
immediately above the inner dorsal angle of the kidney. 
The coeliac ganglion (g. coel.) lies close under the second 
spinal sympathetic (2’), and in front rises up to fuse with 
it. Four nerves arise from the second ganglion. Behind, 
a pair (com. 7.) pass independently into the ventral ramus 
of the second spinal nerve, and thus form RR. communi- 
cantes 1. The sympathetic now lies internal to the 
kidney, and just above the cliaco-mesenteric artery. 
In front, a large third nerve arises dorsally, and soon splits 
into an anterior and a posterior branch. The former is 
continued into the first ganglion (1’) and thereafter into 
the cranial sympathetic, whilst the latter forms a promi- 
nent ganglionated (2”) commissure under the dorsal aorta 
with the cord of the other side. The fourth branch arises 
anterior to the third, and curved backwards on to the 
aorta, where it was lost. The second ganglion now tapers 
down, and terminates in close proximity to the kidney. 
The coeliac ganglion, which it should be noted arises 
from the rzght sympathetic cord, passes backwards after 
fusing with the second ganglion, and is situated just over 
the coeliaco-mesenteric artery. It also gives off four 
branches, The most dorsal one passes straight into the 
