262 Ull. E. KLEIN. 



It is noticed at the same time that the torula cells of the 

 same chain are of various sizes^ some being twice and three 

 times as big as others (see fig. 2). Whether small or large 

 they may show division or gemmation into two or three, or 

 four. The most interesting forms of chains are those which 

 contain here and there one or two big torula cells amongst 

 a long series of small cells, the former resembling a sort of 

 sporangium. And, indeed, such big cells may contain two, 

 three, or four granules. 



As the cultivation proceeds many of the torula chains 

 are gradually converted into the thin typical threads of 

 Bacillus anthracisj here and there in the thread a 

 more or less elliptical cell is still recognisable, or a series 

 of them, so as to denote the way the thread has origi- 

 nated. In fig. 4 the transition is very well shown. Some 

 of the threads that have become typical threads of Anthrax 

 bacillus, when followed up to their growing end, still show 

 in a very marked manner the torula nature of their cells. 

 Although when one examines these preparations, one is at 

 first inclined to assume that there exist in these cultivations 

 two distinct kinds of organisms, viz. (a) typical threads of 

 Anthrax bacillus, and (h) a kind of torula — so great is the 

 contrast between the two; still, when examining carefully the 

 specimen, all doubt soon disappears, since one finds not only all 

 intermediate forms, but the two kinds along the very same 

 thread. I have shown such specimens to many of my friends 

 well able to judge on these points, and I had no difficulty 

 whatever in demonstrating to them the correctness of my views, 

 although at first sight they were hardly inclined to admit it. 



In the accompanying illustrations I have selected some of the 

 more pronounced forms, and the reader will have no difficulty 

 inrecosnising the transitions between the two forms. When the 

 torula-like cells of the chain become elliptical, and when these 

 still more elongate, a thin typical thread of Bacillus an- 

 thracis will be the result. 



As the cultivation proceeds, say after several weeks, the 

 number of the chains and cells of the torula variety gradually 



