ON BUDDING IN POLYZOA. 539 



Hincks, in his admirable Monograph (1), adds his testimony 

 to that of Smitt, but is willing to admit that in many cases 

 the buds may be derived from the endocyst or funicular tissue. 

 He does not really go into the question of gemmation, nor 

 does he give any perfectly satisfactory observations of his own, 

 neither does he discuss the morphology of the phenomenon. 



ECTOPROCTA — PhYLACTOL^MATA. 



Freshwater Polyzoa. 



Allman in his beautiful monograph (19) says : '' With the 

 exception of some peculiar forms of gemmse (statoblasts) to be 

 presently described, these bodies (gemmae) always originate in 

 the endocyst.^^ He then goes on to describe the process of 

 gemmation in Paludicella and in Lophopus. The figures 

 which he gives bear out his view, but all his observations were 

 made from living examples, and thus he has not seen the cells 

 implicated in the process, nor verified his results by means of 

 sections. It is thus left uncertain what exact part is played by 



Fig. 4. — Diagram of embryo of Alcyonella, modified from Allman, 

 c. Ciliated epiblast. m. Mesoblast, h. Hypoblast, b. c. Body-cavity. 



the external cells (epiblast) and the inner network of muscular 

 fibres (mesoblast) of the endocyst, but judging from pi. xi, 

 figs. 5, 9, and 10 — 14, it would seem that the epiblast of the 

 parent gives rise to all the alimentary organs of the bud, while 

 the mesoblast of the mother passes into the mesoblast of the 



