ON BUDDING IN POLTZOA. 551 



by this means the bud would be engrafted into the life of the 

 whole, for, undoubtedly, without being histologically nervous, 

 this tissue can transmit stimuli, and it certainly possesses 

 other important functions. It is difficult to conceive of portions 

 dying and being renewed de novo, besides, having such 

 undifferentiated functions it would a priori have greater 

 vitality and be less likely to die with each individual, especially 

 as it is all the time protected from external damage by the 

 walls of the zooecium. 



I have shown that in Eucratea chelata the bud partly 

 arises from the endocyst, and therefore we must be cautious in 

 accepting Joliet's statement as to the universality of the origin 

 of the buds from the endosarc. 



We, have, however, just seen that Joliet and Hincks lead 

 one to imagine the possiblity of different tissues, the endocyst 

 and the endosarc (funicular tissue) being implicated in the 

 gemmation of certain forms, and my own observations very 

 strongly incline me to this view. Hatschek's beautiful inves- 

 tigations are very clear as to the complex origin of the bud, and 

 practically prove that all the three germinal layers are con- 

 cerned in the budding of Pedicellina and Cristate 11a. 



To recapitulate : — In the Entoprocta, Hatschek's observa- 

 tions prove the process of gemmation to be normal in Pedicel- 

 lina. My own on Loxosoma indicate that no real anomaly 

 exists in that form. 



The discrepancies of most observers, combined with the 

 errors of some in their interpretation of the pbenomena in 

 Pedicellina, will allow us some latitude in dealing with the 

 generally received views on the budding in Loxosoma. 



In the Phylactolematous Ectoprocta, Hatschek's account of 

 Cristatella gives a clue as to what will possibly prove to be 

 the characteristic method of gemmation in the group, and it is 

 one which has every morphological probability. 



The absence (?) of statoblasts in Paludicella may ])erhaps 

 be accounted for by su])posing that, compared with the true 

 Phylactolsemata, this form is a late immigrant into fresh water, 

 and that it still retains most of the structural characteristics of 



