582 M. L. DOLLO. 



Table III.^ 



Theories on the Morphological value of the Incutlo-inallear and 

 the Mandibular Articulations of Gnathostomous Vertebrates. 



From the contents of these tables it follows : 



1st. That according to the anatomists who have preceded 

 M. Albrecht, the lower gnathostomous Vertebrata have their 

 jaws hinged by means of a quadrato-articular articulation, 

 whilst Mammalia are provided with an entirely different kind 

 of articulation, concerning the exact nature of which these 

 anatomists are at variance. 



2nd. That according to the same authors the Proraammalia^ 

 must have possessed originally a quadrato-articular articulation 

 of the lower jaw, but that they have lost it (Huxley, Parker, 

 and Bettany), or at least have given up its use in the act 

 of mastication (Gegenbaur and von Kolliker), and that at the 

 same time their quadrate (Huxley, Parker, and Bettany), and 

 perhaps also the articular (Gegenbaur and von Kolliker) and 

 angular elements (von Kolliker) of their mandible have become 

 included in the chain of the ossicula auditus. 



After this statement M. Albrecht^ continues : 



1st. That he is persuaded that all of the ossicula auditus 

 of Mammalia are represented by homologues in the Amphibia, 

 and by all the ossicula auditus of the Sauropsida, and that 

 they correspond to the suspensorium of fish. The facts may 

 be stated as follows : 



1 P. Albrecht, loo. cit., p. 12. 



^ E. Haeckel, ' Natiirliche Schiipfungsgeschichtc,' Berliu, lb72, p. 53S. 



•■< P.Albrecht, loc. cit., p. 251. 



