26 



VEBTEBKATA. 



dering the ridges convex across; the processes of enamel thinner, higlier, and 

 more divided; and the deep narrow valleys entirely filled up with cement 



The lower molars of the Mastodon ai-e narrower than the upper, and the grind- 

 ing surface of the upper describe in their longitudinal direction a slight convex- 

 ity, while the lower have a corresponding concavity. In the upper molars the 

 inner range of tubercles are most worn; in the lower ones, the outer range. By 

 these marks a detached grinder may be referred to the jaw and ramus support- 

 ing it. 



The finest Mastodon skeleton is in the Warren Museum in Boston. It came 

 from Orange Co., N. Y., the marshes of which locality have also yielded the 

 greater number of remains, including the skeletons of the American Museum 

 of Natural History at New York, and the University of New Jersey, at Prince- 

 ton, N. J. The skeleton in the British Museum was found in Missouri. That 

 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, came from New Jeisey, 

 and the one in the State Cabinet of Natural Histoiy at Albany was from 

 Cohoes, N. Y. 



This, one of the largest elephantoid skulls that has ever been discovered, 

 and known as the "Shawangunk Skull," was disinterred from a Post-Glacial 

 fluviatile deposit in Orange County, N. Y. Size of Pedestal 6 ft. x 4 ft. 6 in. 



No. 41. [155J Mastodon giganteus, Cuv. 



Sixth Uppeu Molar (cast). This 

 fine specimen was found at the cele- 

 brated locality of Big Bone Lick, 

 Ky. (Pleistocene), and is now in the 

 Ward Collection, University of 

 Rochester. It shows in unusual per- 

 fection the cusps, the alveolar line, 

 and the long, curved fangs of the 

 tooth. The enamel is little worn, 

 and is as bright as in the teeth of 

 living anmials. Size, 7x6. 



No. 42. [159] Mastodon longirostris, Kaup. 



Last Upper Molar, right ramus (cast). This 

 long-snouted, narrow-toothed Mastodon, was the first 

 of the genus, having been found by Kaup in the Middle 

 Tertiary. It once roamed over that part of the earth 

 now called England, France, Italy and Germany. This 

 complex, mammalated molar is from the Middle Mio- 

 cene, near Lyons, France, and is in the Museum of 

 Natural History of that city. This specimen shows 

 the appearance of the cusps of the tooth after the 

 enamel has commenced to wear off from its upper sur- 

 face. Size, 7x7. 



