VKRTKBRATA. 



No. 9. [16] Ursus spelaeus, Blumeubach. 



Skull (cast). This "Great 

 Cave-Bear," as it is often 

 called, was larger than the 

 Grizzly Bear of the Rocky 

 Mountains. It is distin- 

 guished by prominent front- 

 al sinuses, a sudden sinking 

 of the concave line leading 

 forward to the nasal bones, 

 long, high pointed crests, narrow zygomas, a wide interval between the for- 

 midable canine and the first molar, the complicated crown of the latter, and 

 tlie great breadth of the fourth molar. The little premolar situated just behind 

 the canine in all living bears except the Grizzlj', is always wanting; and the 

 animal probably had but thirty teeth in all. The Brown Bear approaches 

 nearest to the gigantic fossil in the peculiar serpentine line of the profile, and 

 the Black Bear in the cranial crests. The Cave-bear ranged in the Pliocene 

 and Post-Pliocene throughout England and Europe, and its remains are found 

 intimately associated with those of Paleolithic man. This specimen was found 

 in that great depository of osseous remains — the cave of Gailenreuth, Bavaria, 

 and is preserved in the Museum of the Garden of Plants. Size, 20 x 13. 



No. 10. Ursus spelaeus, Blum. 

 Pair of Molars. From a cave at Biausko, Moravia. 



No. 11. Ursus spelaeus, Blum. 



Canine. 

 ravia. 



From a cave at Blansko, Mo- 



ORDER CETACEA. 



The members of this order, formed for life in the ocean, have, 

 in many respects, the external appearance of fishes. By some 

 authors they, with the Sirenia, are called "Mutilates" because their 

 hind limbs are obliterated. The clavicle is wanting, and the pelvis 

 is scarcely represented by two small rudimentary bones. The true 

 whales are characterized by the extremely long bones of the face, 

 and by the nasal bones forming the very highest part of the skull. 

 Teeth are entirely wanting in the adult whalebone whales, but ai'e 

 present in the lower jaw of the sperm whales. They are all car- 

 nivorous. The caudal vertebrae differ from tliose of fishes in re- 



