46 



VERTEBRATA. 



flies, and is now 



The Pterodactylus 

 crassirostris is distin- 

 guished by a very large 

 head, a comparatively 

 short neck, and a den- 

 tal fornnula of V'V- 

 According to the res- 

 toration of the animal 

 by Goldfuss, it would 

 measure three feet 

 from tip to tip of the 

 wings. This remark- 

 ably perfect specimen 

 was discovered in the 

 Lithographic lime- 

 stone (Middle Oolite), 

 at Solenhofen, Bava- 

 ria, associated with 

 the remains of dragon 

 in the University Museum at Bonn, Rhenish Prussia. 



Size, 10 X 7. 



No. 6(5. [1286] Rhamphorhynchus phyllurus, Marsh. 



Skeleton, on slab (cast). 

 This genus possessed long 

 sharp teeth ; large eye or- 

 bits; and the eyes were 

 doubtless well developed. 

 A peculiar feature in 

 this species is the greatly 

 elongated tail, bearing at 

 the termination a vertical 

 tin-like expansion, which 

 is thought to have been 

 used as a rudder in direct- 

 ing the flight of the reptile. 

 This specimen is unique and remarkable in showing very perfectly the wing 

 membrane. It was found in 1873, at Eichstadt, Bavaria, in the Jurassic litho- 

 graphic limestone slates which yielded the Archmojjteryx, and is in the museum 

 of Yale College. Size, 10 x 16 inches. 



ORDER THEROMORPHA. 



These are tlie earliest positively known reptiles, bein^' found 

 in the Permian of Illinois, Texas and New Mexico, and the 

 Triassic of South Africa, and are very synthetic types, combin- 

 ing characters of various reptilian orders, as well as of amphibians 

 and mammals. 



The name of this order, signifying beast-form, has reference 

 to the possession of mammalian characteristics. Several features 



