47 
are always (at first) cell-parasites, with very minute 
spores possessing only one polar-capsule, invisible in 
the fresh condition. In all cases the parasites were 
found in the gut-wall, ranging, indeed, from the 
esophagus to the rectum. The cysts were lodged 
according to the author, either in the muscular or 
connective tissue  (sub-mucosa), or else projecting 
into the celomic cavity, and only covered by the 
peritoneal epithelium. They were also found under the 
peritoneum investing the liver, and in the mesenterial 
folds in which the blood-vessels run, but were completely 
absent from the other organs, spleen, kidney, &e. With the 
exception of certain species of J/yvobolus, this invasion of 
gut is quite unique among Myxosporidia of fishes, the 
Myxobolide causing the above-mentioned devastating epi- 
demics, usually occurring in the tissue of the liver, spleen, 
kidneys, bladder, &e. Hagenmiiller goes on to describe 
briefly the minute anatomy of the parasites and their 
relation to the host’s tissues as seen under a high power, 
and reference to one or two points in his account will be 
found below. 
The next record of intestinal cysts in a flat-fish is 
that by Johnstone (3), who describes and figures Sporo- 
zoan cysts from two specimens of the plaice (P/ewronectes 
platessa). On examination of sections like that from 
which the author’s fig. 2 was drawn, prepared from 
material which he was kind enough to forward me, I had 
no hesitation in deciding that these were also cases of a 
Glugea”* infection. Hagenmiiller did not give the size 
and shape of the spores of G. stephani—the principal, 
though rather arbitrary, criterion of specificity among the 
* There is some doubt as to which of the two generic names, 
Glugea or Nosema, should be employed, so I have retained the former, 
which is well known and established, 
