34 



" Das korperliche Bild, (lass die einzelnen Kasseii 

 bieten, ist nicht minder interessant. Ihre Uiitersehiede 

 vou einander sind gering und erreichen in der Kegel 

 niclit diejenigeu, die wir an verscliiedenen Species der 

 Gattung Clupea wahrnehmen. Aber sie sind nicht 

 minder scharf und so bezeichnend ausgepragt, dass jedes 

 Individuum den deutlichen Stempel seiner Rasse (seines 

 Stammes, seiner Familie) tragt. Und das nicht nur in 

 einzelnen, wenigen Eigenscbaften seines Korpers, son — 

 dern wie man annebmeu muss, in alien Eigenscbaften 

 und auf jedem Stadium seiner Entwicklung." 



Heincke summarises tbe results of bis most recent 

 investigations as to tbe differences between spring and 

 autumn berring quite at tbe end of bis book {o. c. Text 

 125-128). It is to be regretted tbat in Table 3 be bas 

 only grouped together a small number of groups of ripe 

 spring and autumn berring for tbe purposes of com- 

 parison and tbese are just tbose wbicb exhibit a difference 

 in tbe formula with respect to the ratio of the distance of 

 tbe ventral fin from the tip of tbe snout. According to 

 this summary it appears that tbe average formula of 

 spring berring is 2bII. ; of autumn berring 2al. or 2aII. 



But suppose we now turn to the volume of Tables, p. 

 196-199, Table 193. Here we have a complete summary 

 of the average of tbe body measurements of the various 

 local forms, and it appears that the average formula of 

 tbe autumn herring is sometimes 2bII. [i.e. tbe true 

 spring herring formula), and that the average formula of 

 tbe spring herring may be 2al. or 2aII. (tiiie autumn 

 herring average formula). 



In this Table there are eight groups of spring herring 

 which do not possess the formula 2bII. They are: — 



Tab. 130. East Coast of Scotland. 2aII. (Autumn 



herring formula). 



