37 



summary of skull measurements (Table 194, p. 200) these 

 20 examples from Table 139 are described as spring 

 herring, this description must be based on skull measure- 

 ments alone,* since they were full herring taken in 

 November. The amount of importance that lieincke 



attaches to skull measurements may be gathered from the 

 following extract (Text I. s. LYII.) : — 



" Man kann eine Rasse so gut an den ausseren Dimen- 

 sionen des Korpers wie an den Bau der Wirbelsaule oder 

 der Gestalt des Schddels oder dem besonderen Gauge ihrer 

 Entwickelung erkennen." And further (p. LYIII.) : — 

 " Man sieht sofort den grossen LInterschied der Hassen in 

 den Schadeln, der jenem der Menschenrassen nicht 

 nachsteht. Dem extreni hrachycejjhalen Schddel des 

 Islandherings steht zum Beispiel der ausgepragt dolico- 

 cephale des Stromlings gegeniiber." 



As explained above, Heincke omitted the average 

 formulse of these Greifswalder herring from his summary 

 of body measurements in Table 193. 



If one refers to Table 138 (p. 151) it is seen that these 

 herring possess the formula 2aII. (Indices D 224, V. 

 2'049, A. lOo), that is an autumn herring formula. 



Here, then, we have a peculiar instance of herring, 

 which are " full " in November, possessing the skull of 

 spring herring and the body of autumn herring. 



Again Heincke describes (Table 127, pp. 142 and 143) 

 61 full herring from the Fair Islands as autumn herring, 

 although they were taken in June and possess the spring 

 herring fomiula 2bII. Fourteen other examples of the 

 same shoal (Table 126, p. 141), possess the autumn 

 herring formula 2aII. 



Heincke found the correct autumn herring formula in 



*P. 195: — "Die Mittel derjenigen Eigenschaften, die fiir eine 

 sichere Unterscheidung der Lokalformen besonders wichtig sind, 

 sind fett gedruckt." 



