132 JOHN BEARD. 
can really be no doubt as to the accuracy of Blaue’s results; and 
here it only remains to give a very short resumé of the paper, 
referring the reader who desires further detail to the original, 
which is illustrated by a number of very beautiful drawings. 
In many Amphibians and fishes the nasal membrane has 
the structure mentioned above, but in others the indifferent 
epithelium becomes reduced, so that the bulbs come to lie 
nearer together. This reduction of the indifferent epithelium 
begins around the bases of the buds. The basal epithelium is 
pushed away, and in such a fashion that basally the bulbs are 
in contact, but are separated by indifferent epithelium distally 
(Exocoetus). 
In Trigla typical smell buds are found along with such as 
have increased in width and pushed the indifferent epithelium 
away. 
In Cottus the smell buds are almost completely fused toge- 
ther, but there is still a little indifferent epithelium, and a few 
buds still remain isolated. 
Lastly, in Fierasfer and others the indifferent epithelium 
has disappeared entirely from the folds of the nasal membrane, 
and a continuous sensory epithelium is present. 
Thus Blaue has furnished very valuable evidence, from 
which in conjunction with our knowledge of the development 
in Elasmobranchii the nature of the nose can be decided with 
greater probability than hitherto. 
In Elasmobranchii separate bulbs are not present even in 
the embryo. The indifferent epithelium has disappeared even in 
the ontogeny, but from Blaue’s researches on the structure of 
the nasal membrane in adult fishes generally, and from the 
mode of development of the nose, its ganglion and nerve, there 
can really be no hesitation about classing the nose with the 
branchial sense organs, and hence we are justified in calling it 
the modified sense organ of a gill-cleft.1 F. E. Schultze? had 
1 Beard, ‘‘ Cranial Ganglia and Segmental Sense Organs,” ‘Zool. Anz.,’ 
192, 1885. 
2 F. E. Schultze, “‘ Ueber die beckerformigen Organe der Fische,” ‘ Zeit. f. 
wiss. Zool.,’ Bd. xii, 1863. 
