ee 
THE LEECHES OF JAPAN. 321 
than 11,000 feet above the level of the sea (Hooker). They 
are very common in the damp hilly districts of Ceylon, where, 
according to Schmarda, they become less numerous at eleva- 
tions above 4000 feet. Thunberg and A. B. Meyer have met 
with them on the slopes of Java; and Dr. C. Ph. Sluiter has also 
collected them in this island, and has furnished me with speci- 
mens obtained on the Preanger mountains and in the neigh- 
bourhood of Batavia. Marsden found them in Sumatra; 
Meyen, Semper, and Meyer, in Luzon; Semper, in Mindanao 
and the Pelew Islands; Knorr, in Japan; Meyer, in New 
Guinea, and Celebes (Minahassa) ; Mr. Haswell, in New South 
Wales and Queensland ; and Gay and Philippi, in the southern 
provinces of Chili. Mr. Jijima and Mr. Sasaki found them 
very abundant on mountains in the central part of Japan; and 
I have collected them on a mountain near the eastern coast 
(Suberi-yama, Hakone). Through Mr. Trimen and Mr. Ward 
I obtained specimens of the Singhalese species from the 
botanical garden at Peradeniya, near Kandy; and I collected 
large numbers of them in the plains, at a place called Kesbawa, 
about twelve miles from Colombo. Quite recently Kennel has 
reported a Land Leech from Trinidad. 
Although the stray notices and remarks on the Land Leech 
that have appeared since the time of Knox are sufficiently 
numerous to make a good-sized volume, only the few pages 
written by Emerson Tennent,! Ludwig Schmarda,”? and Ed. 
Grube,*® have any permanent scientific value. Only two species 
have been described, and I find no allusion to the Japanese 
species beyond the simple statement of Grube (2 a, p. 59) that 
it was seen by Knorr. 
1 Tennent, :(a) ‘Ceylon,’ 4th edition, i, pp. 302—5, London, 1860. (4) 
‘The Natural History of Ceylon,’ pp. 479—483, London, 1861. 
? Schmarda, ‘Neue Wirbellose Thiere,’ &c., i, 2nd half, Leipzig, 1861. 
3 Grube (a) “‘ Landblutegeln aus Siidaustralien,” ‘ Jahresbericht der Schle- 
sischen Gesellschaft, p. 66, 1865. (4) ‘Landblutegel,” same ‘ Jahres- 
bericht,’ p. 59, 1856. (c) ‘‘Anneliden, ‘Reise der Oesterreichischen 
Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857—59,’ ‘Zool. Abth.,’ 3, 
vol. ii, p. 41, Wien, 1868. 
