154 FREDERICK TUCKERMAN. 



out the resemblance in physical characteristics and chemical 

 reaction of nerve-fibrils with the central processes of the taste- 

 cells. 



In 1869, v. Wyss (56) described the taste-bulbs in the 

 papilla foliata of the rabbit and hare, and called attention to 

 the analogous organs of man. In 1870, (57) he studied them 

 in the circumvallate and fungiform papillae of many mammals, 

 including the hedgehog and squirrel; but failed to find them 

 in the fungiform papilla? of man. 



Krause (20) observed taste-bulbs in the fungiform and 

 foliate papillae of man, and v. Ajtai (1) described them in the 

 papilla foliata of man and other mammals. 



Honigschmied (12 and 13) has shown the distribution of the 

 taste-bulbs in the circumvallate and foliate papillae of various 

 mammals, and, in some, has found them occurring on the 

 summit of the papilla, though these were usually smaller than 

 those on the sides. By means of chloride of gold, Honig- 

 schmied traced the nerve-fibrils directly into the taste-cells in 

 the fungiform papilla of the cat, the cover-cells not being 

 stained, while the taste-cells were. Vintschgan and Honig- 

 schmied (47 and 49) found in the rabbit that, after section of 

 the glosso-pharyngeus nerve, the taste-bulbs degenerate, while 

 the cover-cells become changed into epithelial cells in a few 

 months. Ranvier (32) repeated this experiment, and has met 

 with a similar result. 



Sertoli (41) states that he has traced nerve-fibrils directly 

 into the taste-bulbs in the papilla foliata of the horse. In the 

 fungiform papillae of the same animal he says that the nerves 

 terminate in an intra-epithelial plexus of fine non-medullated 

 nerve-fibrils. 



Hoffmann (14) found taste-bulbs on the summit of the fungi- 

 form and circumvallate papillae of man, and also in some papillae 

 of the soft palate and upper part of the uvula. He failed to find 

 in the epiglottis what he considered genuine taste-bulbs. 



In 1868, Verson (45 and 46) described in the second fourth 

 of the posterior surface of the epiglottis of man, certain " bud- 

 like structures," which resembled mammalian taste-bulbs. 



