TONGUE AND GUSTATORY ORGANS OF MEPHITIS MEPHITIOA. 155 



Krause (21) observed them on the dorsal surface of the epi- 

 glottis of the sheep and rabbit. Schofield (33) has described 

 them in the lower half of the posterior surface of the epi- 

 glottis of the dog and cat, arranged in horizontal and ver- 

 tical rows. He says that with each "goblet" is associated 

 the duct of a mucous gland. In 1873, v. Ebner (6) pointed 

 out that the serous glands always occur in the parts of the 

 tongue that contain taste organs, and their ducts open into the 

 furrows lined by the taste-bulbs. Davis (5) studied the bulb- 

 shaped organs in the epiglottis of the cat, dog, calf, pig, rabbit, 

 and man, and found them on the upper and lower parts of the 

 posterior surface of that organ. In the dog he found them on 

 the inner side of the arytenoid cartilages, on the aryepiglottic 

 folds, and in the epithelium of the true vocal cords. He re- 

 garded them as terminal organs of the glosso-pharyngeal nerve. 

 Simanowsky (42) has also seen them on the true vocal cords 

 of man and the dog. In the vocal cord of the dog and rabbit 

 he figures the nerve-fibres as terminating in pencil-shaped ex- 

 tremities. Honigschmied has observed bulbs on the epiglottis 

 of the deer and calf. 



Poulton (30) has described, in a highly interesting and sug- 

 gestive manner, the taste-bulbs of Perameles nasuta. The 

 circumvallate papillae, he says, are highly developed in shape 

 and structure, and in the abundance of nervous and glandular 

 tissue which they possess ; but the terminal organs he considers 

 of a low type. Within the papillary body is a large ganglion, 

 which divides into branches running towards the sides of the 

 papilla containing taste- bulbs. The nerve-fibres are chiefly 

 non-medullated, but possess a distinct sheath of Schwann. 

 He found near the top of a single fungiform papilla two bulbs 

 of a low order. Poulton (31) found in the posterior region of 

 the tongue of Ornithorhynchus paradoxus two pairs of 

 gustatory areas. The anterior pair lie below the surface in a 

 furrow, the floor of which is invaginated upwards into a ridge, 

 which carries the taste-bulbs. The ridges of the posterior pair 

 reach the surface. In both regions the bulbs are situated on 

 the sides and upper surface of the ridges, and the ducts of 



