616 ARTHUR. E. SHIPLEY. 



special methods of preservation to make them manifest. 

 Special nerve-cells, described below^ are scattered through the 

 parenchyma of the body. 



The histology — at least in some specimens — could be fairly 

 well made out, and agrees roughly with what Blochmann has 

 described in Ligula monogramma.^ The whole body is 

 covered by a cuticle, the outer fifth of which stains more 

 deeply than the remainder. Within this, with a high power, 

 a number of dots or knobs become visible (fig. 10). These 

 are the swollen terminations of certain strands or processes of 

 the ectoderm cells. The cells themselves, as Blochmann has 

 shown, lie removed to some distance from the cuticle they 

 secrete, but are in contact with it by means of the above- 

 mentioned processes ending in the knobs. 



The ectoderm cells are not all at one level, but on the 

 whole form a fairly well-marked layer. Each cell is fusiform 

 in shape, and produced into two or three processes, which 

 project both peripherally and centrally. They contain large 

 and well-marked nuclei. Neither the cells nor their processes 

 are laterally in contact ; they are separated one from another 

 to varying extents by the intrusion of some of the paren- 

 chymatous network which makes up so much of the body of 

 a Cestode. 



This parenchyma consists of a meshwork which permeates 

 everywhere the body of the tapeworm, surrounding all the 

 organs, and often, as is the case with the ectoderm and the 

 muscles, passing in between their constituent cells. In the 

 spaces of the meshwork there is believed to be a fluid. The 

 meshwork itself is secreted and nourished by certain large 

 star-shaped cells which are irregularly scattered through the 

 parenchyma, and which give off processes in all directions 

 (fig. 10). 



Round the generative glands this parenchymatous network 



becomes condensed, the spaces disappear, and it forms a close 



sheath to the ovary, testis, &c. At the posterior end of each 



segment it is also somewhat condensed, and in section presents 



• 'Die Epitlielfrage bei Cestoden uud Trematodeii,' Hamburg, 1896. 



