124 SIDNEY F. HARMER. 
observations were Flustra papyrea, Pall., Bugulaneritina, 
Linn., and Bugula avicularia, Linn.! Each of these species 
was exposed to the action of the following pigments dissolved 
in sea-water—(1) Indigo-carmine; (2) carminate of ammonia; 
(3) Bismarck-brown; and was further placed in sea-water 
containing carmine-powder in suspension. After leaving the 
animals for various periods, as explained below, in the solution 
of the pigment, the colonies were transferred to pure sea-water 
in a tank, and the changes undergone by the pigment were 
examined in the living animal from day to day. It may be 
at once remarked that the colonies remained living and appa- 
rently healthy, even after prolonged immersion in solutions of 
the pigment. 
I have to acknowledge my indebtedness to Dr. Paul Mayer 
for the suggestion that Bismarck-brown might be expected to 
yield interesting results, a suggestion which I followed up with 
some success. Kowalevsky* has, however, pointed out that 
Bismarck-brown may be used with advantage in investigations 
of this kind, and implies that it is taken up by those parts 
of the excretory organs which absorb carminate of ammonia, a 
result which is largely confirmed by my own observations. 
One of my most interesting results has been the observation 
of the fact that the tissues of different forms, even of two 
species of the same genus, do uot necessarily react in the same 
1 For the synonymy of these species see Miss Jelly’s ‘ Synonymic Catalogue 
of the Recent Marine Bryozoa’ (London, 1889). 
My specimens of Flustra papyrea correspond very closely with F. 
papyrea, var. Mazeli, Marion (‘‘ Draguages au large de Marseille,” ‘ Aun. 
des Sci. Nat.,’ 6¢ sér.; ‘ Zool.,’ vii, 1879, article No. 7, p. 33). It appears 
to me that Marion’s statement that the forms described by Busk (‘ Cat. of 
Marine Polyzoa, . . . . Brit. Museum,’ part i, 1852) were composed of narrow 
linear segments was due to a misapprehension of the fact that the numbers of 
Busk’s plates xlix and | have been transposed, as pointed out by Waters 
(‘ Ann: Mag. Nat. Hist.,’ ser. 5, ili, 1879, p. 119); and that the “var. 
Mazeli” does not really differ from the normal form of F. papyrea. 
For further remarks on the species see Hincks, ‘ Brit. Mar. Polyzoa,’ vol. i, 
p. 124. 
2 Loc. cit., p. 76. 
