138 SIDNEY F. HARMER. 
solid carmine. In some of these cases a small quantity of 
carmine becomes deposited in the granules of the cecum and 
stomach in B. neritina. In B. avicularia a small amount 
of carmine was deposited in the rectum and proventriculus as 
well; while the funicular tissue of the growing-points took up 
a little of the pigment. This was no doubt derived from the 
small quantity of carmine which dissolved in the sea-water, 
the colour of which was distinctly red. 
III. THe Formation or THE ‘‘ Brown Bopy” AND THE 
FurtHerR History or THE ABSORBED PIGMENTS. 
Flustra papyrea. 
The formation of the “ brown body ” in the normal zocecium 
takes place as follows.! 
The tentacles lose their distinctness and shorten themselves, 
then forming a mass situated at the proximal end of the 
tentacle-sheath, which is also degenerating. The alimentary 
canal at the same time begins to degenerate, its granules 
collecting into two masses, one placed at the apex of the 
cecum, and the other at the opposite end of the stomach.? 
The tentacle-sheath loses its connection with the aperture, 
and the three masses formed respectively by the tentacles 
(with some part of the remains of the alimentary canal) and 
the two sets of granules fuse into a small rounded mass, which 
ultimately acquires a bright red colour. The granules of the 
alimentary canal can be distinguished for some time as a 
darker mass in the “ brown body.” 
The new polypide-buds have a distinctly bilateral origin, 
which, so far as I know, has not been noticed by any previous 
observer. The inner layer of the bud contains orange granules, 
which give it a distinct colour; this layer is derived from the 
two angles of the operculum. At each angle a rounded 
1 The account which follows, as well as that given of the origin of the new 
polypide-bud, is almost identical with that given by Haddon (‘ Quart. Journ. 
Micr. Sci.,’ xxiii, 1883) for the same species (Haddon’s F. carbasea). 
2 Cf. Haddon’s fig. 13 (pl. xxxviii). 
