152 SIDNEY F. HARMER. 
in the zocecia, while the body-cavity contained small quantities 
of vesicles or spherules containing carmine, probably derived 
from the small quantities of that substance taken up by the 
funicular tissue; or, im some cases, formed by the fragmenta- 
tion of the “ brown body” within the zocecium. 
Precisely similar results were obtained with B. avicularia. 
The “‘ brown bodies”? formed by the degeneration of polypides 
whose alimentary canals had absorbed the carmine into their 
walls were of a bright red colour. 
At the 480th hour—the end of this series of observations— 
these red ‘‘ brown bodies,” together with spherules containing 
carmine (as shown in fig. 22) were left behind in the body- 
cavities of the zocecia. 
BrisMARCK- Brown. 
Bugula neritina.—lIt has already been pointed out that 
the pigmented funicular tissue of this species takes up Bis- 
marck-brown very freely. The leucocytes are at first unaffected 
by this pigment; but 120 hours after the beginning of one of 
the experiments they had become bright orange-yellow in 
colour, presumably by the absorption of Bismarck-brown from 
other tissues, since they had remained quite uncoloured by 
the Bismarck-brown for some hours at least after being trans- 
ferred to pure sea water. The vacuoles of the leucocytes 
contained, in some cases, a few deposited granules of the 
pigment. 
Thus, although apparently not adapted to take up Bismarck- 
brown directly, the leucocytes do their best, at a later period, 
to remove portions of this pigment which have been absorbed 
by other tissues ; and this is an additional argument in favour 
of the view that these cells possess excretory functions. 
In one of the experiments the action of the Bismarck- 
brown had been so strong that the processes of the cells of the 
funicular tissue had been to a large extent retracted; and it 
at first appeared that the zocwcia had been killed, the move- 
ments of nearly all the polypides having completely ceased. 
