90 C. A. MAO MUNN. 
molecular change. I have referred in this paper to the larval 
lobster whose lovely blue pigment is changed by alcohol and 
ether into a true lipochrome, and everyone is acquainted with 
the change of colour which the adult lobster undergoes on 
boiling. The blue prismatic crystals which occur in the 
hypoderm of the crayfish were described by Focillon,' and 
have been called Cyanocrystals. Krukenberg failed to extract 
them by the use of salt water, which he found efficacious in the 
case of cyanein and asterocyanin. These crystals are reddened 
by alkalies, acids, alcohol, &c., and by boiling in distilled water. 
They belong to a lipochromogen, and pass over very easily into 
the corresponding lipochrome. 
Remarks. 
I have referred frequently to the lipochromes in the preced- 
ing part of this paper, and as the name is of quite recent 
introduction it may not be superfluous to describe these 
colouring matters in greater detail. 
Krukenberg is responsible for this term, and as anyone who 
knows anything about animal colouring matters can see, this 
term lipochrome includes under it pigments which have been 
called luteins, and by other names, e.g. among plants, and 
also that peculiar red colouring matter first described by 
Wurm? and Hoppe-Seyler® to which Merejkowsky+* has 
drawn renewed attention, and which has been long known as 
tetronerythrin. It was first found in the so-called “ roses” 
around the eyes of certain birds by Dr. Wurm. Some years 
after Merejkowsky found it in 117 species of animals, and he 
attributes a respiratory function to it. He also found it in 
1 “Sur les Couleurs du test des Crustacés,” ‘Compt. rend.,’ t. 33, 1851, 
pp. 884, 885. Cf. Krukenberg, ‘ Vergl. physiol. Stud.,’ zweite Reihe, dritte 
Abth., 1882, 8. 71. 
2 «Zeitsch. fiir wissenschaft. Zoologie, 1871, S. 535. See also Dr. 
Wurm’s paper in ‘Jahrshefte des Vereins fiir vaterl. Naturkunde in Wiirtt.,’ 
1885. 
3 ¢Handbuch d. physiol. und path. Chem, Analyse,’ 4 Aufl., Berlin, 1875, 
S. 23. 
4 «Bullet. de la Société Zoolog, de France,’ 1883, p. 81, seq. 
