168 W. WALDEYER. 
four different types of nucleoli (in Arthropoda) ; if this be 
true, it seems to me questionable whether such different things 
should be called by one and the same name. Researches in 
Gaule’s laboratory by Ogata (151) and Lukjanow (129), and 
again by Stolnikow (189), have shown that nucleolar-like 
bodies behave very differently towards stains (eosin, saffranin, 
nigrosin, and hematoxylin). They are therefore distinguished 
by these authors as (a) “karyosomes,” bodies that are 
stained blue; (0) ‘‘ plasmasomes,” which stain red; (c) 
“ hyalosomes,” which are not stained (vide Lukjanow). As 
Ogata first pointed out, these bodies may wander out of the 
nucleus into the cell-body; the out-wandering plasmasomes 
form the so-called “ paranuclei” (Nebenkerne), which take so 
important a share in the regeneration of cells. 
The significance of all these things to the life of the cell is 
still very obscure. Strasburger and Pfitzner (1. c.) are inclined 
to look upon the nucleolus as a place of storage for the so- 
called ‘‘ reserve substance,” a view which is entirely supported 
by their behaviour during karyokinesis. They become lost, in 
fact, during the process, and reappear in the new nuclei after 
division. A. Brass (39) too brings the nucleolus into con- 
nection with the process of nutrition of the nucleus. In 
Spirogyra, according to Meunier (136), all the chromatin is 
contained in the nucleolus, and is from here exclusively con- 
verted into the mitotic figure. 
The nucleoplasm is not by any means to be regarded as 
a simple watery liquid; everyone considers it rather as con- 
taining albumen. By means of different reagents fine granu- 
lations can be seen in the nucleoplasm ; according to Flemming 
(58) these must be due to the result of coagulation—or rather 
precipitation—and are not to be regarded as structural. 
Carnoy (47) regards them thus, since he describes the nucleo- 
plasm as a fine plastin-network, with more fluid contents 
(“enchylema”’) ; whereas van Bambeke (I. c.) and Platner 
(161) are of a different opinion. 
The nuclear membrane presents a good deal of difficulty; 
on all sides it is held—and I myself agree with this view— 
