188 W. WALDEYER. 
stitue un organe de la cellule au méme titre que le noyau lui- 
méme: que tout corpuscule central dérive d’un corpuscule 
antérieur: que toute sphére procéde d’une sphére antérieur, 
et que la division de la sphére précéde celle du noyau cellu- 
laire”’). Van Beneden believes that the cause of division does 
not lie in the nucleus; but, on the contrary, in the central 
bodies and the spheres. 
Platner (161) has described very minutely the radiating 
figures in the cell-protoplasm of other objects, viz. in Lepi- 
doptera. He, too, figures the connection of the stars (cytasters) 
which correspond with van Beneden’s “cdne antipode,” with 
the central body and with the spindle figure. He further 
describes arch-shaped rays from the two stars passing through 
the whole protoplasm, and joining one another at the equator. 
I cannot find that he mentions a zone free from rays. 
I now pass on to a point which till lately has scarcely been 
studied ; I mean the behaviour of the nucleoplasm during 
division. We have previously mentioned that, except in 
Protozoa, every trace of the nuclear membrane disappears 
at the time of the formation of the mother-star: we may 
look on this as we will. Nucleoplasm and cell-substance 
thus touch one another directly, and the idea presents itself 
that a mixture of the two takes place, and that in that 
is to be sought the reason for the disappearance of the 
nuclear membrane. In fact, Strasburger particularly em- 
phasizes the penetration of the cell-constituents into the 
nucleus, and derives the spindle figure from these inflowing 
constituents. Carnoy (47) and Schewiakoff (178) regard 
the inflowing as from the cytoplasm towards the nucleus, 
and Carnoy inversely from the karyoplasm to the cell. 
From the figures and descriptions of all authors it is further 
evident that they regard the totality of the nucleus as ending 
with the disappearance of the membrane, and the idea has 
presented itself to most that the nucleus is then represented 
by the spindle figure and chromatic figure. At least, nothing 
of the nucleoplasm and previous boundary is to be seen in 
preparations made in the usual way, and, generally, little con- 
