210 W. WALDEYER. 
neration of a tissue proceeded, one could only address oneself 
to the discovery of constricted cells and nuclei, or of bi- and 
multi-nucleated cells. The conclusions from such a discovery 
were, however, in many cases of a doubtful nature, especially 
as the question would be raised, whether generally bi- or multi- 
nucleate cells can give proof of cell-division taking place. By 
means of karyokinesis we have obtained a good basis for . 
conclusive judgment about these important matters: and 
since the karyokinetic phenomena take place so obviously 
and definitely, the research is considerably facilitated. The 
above-mentioned works of Flemming (60), and A. Kollmann 
(110), the works of Kolliker (107), Altmann (1), Merk (135), 
Podwyssotzki (162), Bizzozero and Vassale (29), Rauber (168), 
and others, the researches carried on in my laboratory by 
Koganei (109), Uskow (198), Simanowsky (187), Beltzow (17), 
and Biondi (26), show how karyokinesis may be fruitfully 
utilised in this direction. I must here especially refer to the 
researches on the origin and growth of neoplasms, and the 
cellular products of inflammation, upon which we have already 
memoirs from Homén, Klemensiewicz, Eberth, Mayzel, J. 
Arnold, Ostry, Unna, Beltzow, Simanowsky and others (see 
the Bibliography given by J. Arnold (4) and Schottlander 
(181a). 
Notwithstanding the short time during which we have known 
something of karyokinesis, we are already, according to the old 
German custom, which other scientific nations are beginning 
to imitate, familiar with a goodly store of different nomencla- 
tures. Ofthese I must here briefly explain the most common so 
far as they have not already been mentioned. If one is speaking 
of the whole body of a cell (without the nucleus) one uses the 
term “cell-substance” (Zellleib, Zellkorper, Zellsubstanz). In 
this two chief constituents are to be distinguished, which were 
called by Kupffer by the name of “protoplasma” and “para- 
plasma.” By the first he meant the more solid mass of the cell- 
substance, the arrangement of which in threads, whether with or 
without anetwork, has recently been recognised, thanks to the 
researches of Heitzmann, Fromman (73), Kupffer, Flemming, 
