280 B. GRASSI AND A, SANDIAS. 
It is consequently evident that the development of substi- 
tute royal forms proceeds very slowly. 
The data furnished by orphaned and young nests, and by 
many other observations which I have made, indicate that 
perfect and fully winged examples are not obtained before 
August from eggs laid in July of the preceding year. In 
short, Calotermes passes part of two years in the larval 
and nymph stages before taking flight. The soldier may com- 
plete its development in the same year in which it is hatched. 
It is difficult to say anything about the duration of life. 
I must deny the existence of any particular season when the 
soldiers die off, as Lespés has claimed for Termes. The 
life of the king and queen may be estimated at four or five 
years at least. 
7. Situation of the Different Forms in the Nest. 
I have already mentioned that Calotermes does not 
possess a royal chamber. The king and queen, whether true 
or substitute, usually remain in close proximity in the heart 
of the nest, where the inmates are always most crowded. 
They readily change their situation. The eggs are mostly 
near them or a little way off, and are never heaped together. 
Larve, nymphs, and winged forms, if present, are irregu- 
larly commingled ; but larve newly hatched tend to cluster 
together. The soldiers also are irregularly scattered, but a 
few are often found in close attendance on the royal couple. 
The soldiers are generally the first to make their appearance 
when a nest is opened, 
Substitute forms in process of development occur separately, 
or in groups of two to four in different parts of the nest. 
It thus follows that the component members of a Calotermite 
colony have no special situations in the nest. 
8. Certain Habits. 
I propose to deal here only with those habits which could 
not appropriately be dealt with in Section 3. 
Calotermites work, feed, and rest indifferently by day or 
night. When resting, they remain motionless without adopt- 
