CONSTITUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TERMITES. 297 
royal pair,—that is, a pair derived from winged imagos, which 
have lost their wings (except the stumps). This statement of 
mine will appear bold, but I have examined thousands of nests 
during a period of about seven years, and am in a position to 
make it without the least fear of contradiction. Small colonies, 
founded by a true royal pair, are to be obtained only by arti- 
ficially enclosing winged Termes in glass jars partly filled 
with wood. Nothing of the kind is ever found in nature. On 
one single occasion I lighted on a true royal pair, though 
without eggs, in January,—that is, about six months after 
swarming. 
For the present we may leave out of sight these artificial 
nests in glass jars to consider those found under natural 
conditions. 
The principal differences between the Termes colony and 
that of Calotermes are as follows: 
1. Termes possesses the caste of workers, which is wanting 
in Calotermes. 
2. On the other hand, Termes has no true royal pair, but 
its place is supplied by a large number of sexually mature 
individuals, which I term complementary royal forms 
(Pl. 17, figs. 16, 17, 21). These complementary forms have 
the characters of larve just about to become nymphs—that 
is, with the wing-rudiments relatively shorter than in the 
nymph. Their length differs a little, however, in different 
examples, and occasionally they are entirely wanting. 
3. Orphaned nests—that is, nests from which the comple- 
mentary forms have been abstracted—contain numerous substi- 
tute royal forms. These may resemble the complementary 
forms, but their wings are frequently entirely wanting (Pl. 17, 
fig. 15), or else developed as in the nymph (id., fig. 23). 
Sometimes they have the characters of an imago which has 
become brown in a few places only, and has the wings mu- 
tilated (id., fig. 24). 
The ordinary nest of Termes may evidently be compared 
with the orphaned nest of Calotermes, with this difference, 
that the former is much richer in royal examples, which 
