438 GEORGE H. F. NDTTALL. 



ment of human parasites in Anopheles, we must conclude 

 that the pigmented encapsulated bodies observed by Ross in 

 " spotted-winged mosquitoes " at Secunderabad were cres- 

 centic parasites in early stages of development. In his first 

 paper Ross definitely states that he raised the imagos from 

 larvae kept in bottles ; that the parasites which subsequently 

 developed within them contained a pigment similar to that 

 of the parasites in man; and his description of the insects' 

 eggs leaves no room for doubt but that they were Ano- 

 pheles. (In their paper of December 4th, 1898, Bastianelli, 

 Bignami, and Grassi even made the statement that it is 

 extremely likely that Ross's spotted-winged mosquito was 

 A. claviger!) The work done subsequently on Proteo- 

 soma quite rightly confirmed Ross in his belief. We are, 

 however, indebted to the Italian investigators named for 

 completing the study of the further development of human 

 parasites in various species of Anopheles, these studies 

 being subsequently pursued by still other investigators in 

 other countries.^ Ross is perfectly justified in laying stress 

 upon the fundamental importance of his discoveries in the 

 development of Proteose ma, and there can be no doubt 

 whatever about his work having served as a guide to sub- 

 sequent investigators. There is no denying that both the 

 human and avian parasites referred to offer great points of 

 similarity throughout. The assumption was, therefore, per- 

 fectly justified that the further stages in the development of 

 cresceutic parasites such as Ross had observed at Secunder- 

 abad would be identical with what he saw in the case of 

 Proteosoma afterwards in Calcutta. 



In conclusion we must not forget to mention the name of 

 Patrick Manson, who until recently took no part in the 

 experimental solution of the problem, but who throughout 

 Ross's investigations, which he stimulated, did much to 

 further the studies which in one direction at least have 

 reached such a satisfactory conclusion. 



' It lias not been deemed necessary to refer to all of tliese. 



