No. 6. DEPARTMExNT OF AGRICULTURE. 335 



hand he or she who leaves to a community a renewed faith in itself 

 and its calling, leaves the most helpful lesson that can be taught. 

 President Eoberts of McDonald College said in speaking of industrial 

 training, "It is not primarily intended to enable one to raise a bigger 

 steer or bigger ear of corn, but by doing so he may make a better 

 home for a better child." Fellow lecturers, let us think on these 

 things. Man's education is not necessarily completed who knows 

 how to grow big crops and make big profits, but when he knows how 

 to expend these in improving himself, his family, his home and his 

 community. Then only is a man in the fullest sense an ideal farmer. 

 This nation will remain great and increase its greatness only as the 

 innumerable country homes continue to be owned by individual 

 farmers. No lesson we can teach is of greater importance than that 

 of showing the young man the great importance of his getting hold 

 of a piece of land. If that day ever comes in which the agricultural 

 land of this nation is owned by concentrated capital and worked by 

 peasant farmers, as other natural sources have been secured and are 

 worked by wage workers, that day will see the decadence of this 

 nation as a republic and the end of democracy will be at hand. 



Let me urge you to leave this injunction with every man. "With 

 all thy getting, get understanding." Men should continually strive 

 to understand. The eternal question "why?" is as important as the 

 question "how?" By this, man learns his relationship to his fellow- 

 man and to the great out-of-doors. It enables him to see and to ap- 

 preciate the wonder and poAver of the great forces with which he 

 co-operates, and to "Look through Nature up to Nature's God." 



COMMON DISEASES OF LIVESTOCK 



By DR. C. J. MARSHALL, State Veterinarian, Harrislurg , Pa. 



At the present time most diseases affecting domestic animals are 

 fairly well understood. Many of. them may be prevented if proper 

 measures are adopted. The knowledge possessed in reference to 

 prevention and cure of diseases is not as well apijlied as it should 

 be. It is estimated that |5, 000, 000 worth of livestock is lost annually 

 in this Commonwealth from diseases that might be preVented if the 

 known, necessary measures were adopted to control them- This is a 

 heavy tax and it should be our duty to prevent the loss of such ex- 

 travagant sums in every po,ssible way. 



In 1792 an appropriation of |2.50,000 was made by the National 

 government of France to found the first Veterinary School in the 

 world at Lyons. This was deemed necessary in order to devise means 

 for preventing or control ing the extensive losses in livestock from 

 diseases that were at that time not well understood. There were no 

 qualified veterinarians. Veterinary medicine was practiced by 

 quacks, charletans and misfits from the medical profession. Mil- 

 lions of dollars worth of livestock were lost annually in all European 

 countries from such diseases. The worst losses were due to such 

 diseases as anthrax, contagious pleuropneumonia in cattle, foot-ao(J> 



