394 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



The former method is preferable, which indicates the desirability 

 of manufacturing the ortho-arsenate here in the East as well as in 

 California. 



It also is piobable that tlie ordinary mixed lead arsenates can 

 be safely used with lime-sulphur solution by adding to them some 

 free lead, preferably in the form of lead acetate or "sugar of lead," 

 before combiuing them with the solution. The amount of the lat- 

 ter actually required depends (m the percentage of soluble arsenic 

 and of acid arsenates j)resent in the commercial lead-arsenate sam- 

 ple and also on the amount of free lead already present. In gen- 

 eral, however, one-fourth to one-third of a pound of "sugar of lead" 

 should be sufficient to I'ender safe Ihe two pounds of ordinary load- 

 arsenate paste. 



EDUCATING AN ORCHAED 



By CLARK ALLIS, President 'New York State Fruit Growers' Association, 



Medina, N. Y. 



I had supposed that the Garden of Eden was in Orleans county but 

 it seems that this must be the site because this is Adams county. In 

 our county the chief commercial apple is the BaldAvin. Baldwins and 

 Greenings are in the lead, and will continue to lead for a long time. 



Like a child, the education of an orchard should begin before it 

 is born. TMien possible, buy trees of a firm who gets its buds or 

 scions for one of your southern nursery firms, we did not cut any 

 difference in apples. We have in one orchard what is known as 

 "Gray Baldwins" and under no conditions are they as good as our 

 red Baldwins. Two years ago, in cutting over l|.500.00 worth of 

 scions for one of your southern nursery firms, we did not cut any 

 from the Gray Baldwins. I want a tree to be thrifty, large and 

 fairly straight with three or more good branches low down. I do 

 not cut back the roots or top unless broken. 



One of the first things I remember was "apple sprouts" and 

 those "remembers" were very painful, at home or in school, and 

 I objected to the trimming of apple trees or boys. My father was an 

 orchard fiend, takes after me, and all his trees were cut back to the 

 main stalk^ — he hnd five boys. TMien T began to set trees for my- 

 self, I followed the same bad plan until T was convinr-ed that "behead- 

 ing" young trees was not the way to make the best orchard and most 

 money. Two farms near me were bousrht by city men, one man 

 a slipshod lumber dealer who made a failure at the lumber business 

 and the other a Polander who rlid not know a tree from a boot 

 jack; both set out young trees without any trimming at all, both set 

 their trees next the road where I could see them at any and all times. 

 Of course I broke that srood old Bi1)le saying "Fret not thy gizzard 

 out" and proceeded to "fret." but it did no srood. Those fool trees 

 grew better than any I had ever set out and it made me disgusted. 

 I found the same conditions in a western orchard I visited. I also 



