468 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



he told me last night they have just as much pride in their agricul- 

 ture in the Houth as we do here. Before the war, corn and cotton 

 were kings, but now the}' are turning to the raising of crops such 

 as we raise; by which 1 judge they are raising tlieir corn to feed their 

 stock and have taken to raising "hog and homiuy'' as well as corn 

 and cotton. 



Hoke Smith has introduced a bill, authorizing appropriation to 

 land-grant colleges, and then giving certain amount additional in 

 proportion to the amount appropriated by each State Legislature. 

 For instance, it would give Pennsylvania sixty thousand dollars 

 based upon so many millions to be divided among these states ac- 

 cording to the amounts appropriated by their Legislatures; say 

 the equality of Pennsylvania would be fifty thousand dollars; we 

 would get that according to our population, providing the State 

 Legislature would appropriate a like sum. Now, you see what this 

 amount would mean in carrying on the agriculture in a practical way 

 in the different counties. If you could take Stewart into the ordi- 

 nary farmer's dining-room and sit around the table with half a 

 dozen men with note-book and pencil, and have him go over his 

 story so that they could take it down, and it would make a difference 

 in five years such as he showed this morning, and you could sell 

 the apples for two dollars and fifty cents a bushel, like I paid for 

 my box from the Tyson's the other day, you see what that would 

 mean. Why, we have not started in our apple production in Penn- 

 sylvania, although some of them' think they are getting along in cer- 

 tain locations. 



My friend Hiester, w^ho has gone to his Heavenly home the other 

 day, was an enthusiast along this line. When he told me ten years 

 ago what the possibilities of apple production were in Pennsylvania, 

 I laughed at him. In order to get even with me, he sent me from 

 the next meeting of the Horticultural Association, a box of Bald- 

 win and Grimes' Golden, originated in the orchards he produced. 

 They laughed at me for three months, I recognized the quality; there 

 is no question about that, and there is no question about the amount, 

 if we simply get our heads together and go to work. We used to 

 think that Western New York was the place to raise apples ; well, it 

 is not better than Pennsylvania. Our Soil Survey shows it. Some 

 locations are better than others. The Soil Survey people put an 

 auger down into the ground and pull it up and tell you that that is 

 the place to plant a Baldwin. 



Now, why, I don't know, but I suppose some elements in the 

 soil. Iron will produce color, and that is the reason the fruit is 

 lighter in color in some localities than in others. In Centre countv 

 we are underlaid with Hematite ore, and I suppose enough of it 

 will get into the fruit to produce color. The fruit needs the minerals 

 as well as God's rain and sunshine. You take an apple and see what 

 is enveloped in it, in the way of high art — in the way of beauty of 

 color, of taste, and fragrance all combiiied, and then compare it 

 with the fact that one man will devote his entire lifetime to the 

 development of a single point in agriculture, and then think he is 

 doing a great thing, such as Dr. Armsby is doing at State College 

 in which he puts a steer into the Respirator Carometer and measures 

 the breath which the steer gives up every time it breathes, and knows 



