ns ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



AUDlJEStS OF I'liOF. CUCllEL 



\\'lienever a man lias the labor and facilities that will permit him 

 to go Into the pi-oduclion of dairy products, it would certainly be 

 a foolish thing to change from the production of dairy products 

 to beef. On the other hand, we hnd in many other sections of th6 

 iState that are deficient in labor and have larger divisions of farm 

 land that they can properly cultivate. They have large areas that 

 are, or should be, devoted exclusively to grass. 



We have a market and a climate that is especially adapted to the 

 cultivation of beef, hence, we should under these circumstances go 

 into the production of beef on a marketable basis, always taking 

 into consideration that the cow that is cultivated as boef is turning 

 the crops into a more marketable product, increasing the humus of 

 the soil, and enabling us to utilize what would otherwise be waste 

 products into a profitable part of the farm. In other words the beef 

 cow changes waste areas into a marketable form. 



Now, in studying beef production we divide it into two classes: 

 one class produces feeders for the market, the other produces the 

 marketable steer in the more finished form. The reason for this is 

 that the sections of the State that are especially adapted to the 

 production of feeders, do not, as a rule, grow a sufficient amount of 

 crops to turn them into the finished product. Where we have the 

 rough finished lands that are not capable of being plowed to any 

 extent, we can raise our feeders on roughage, largely. On the other 

 hand, where we have land that is too valuable to be turned into pas- 

 ture, people naturally turn into finishing the beef for market. 



We find that in the development of this State, and other stock 

 istates, the cattle imported from Europe were of the beef type. They 

 Awere imported because they were especially adapted to the needs of 

 that time. Later, when the country became more closely settled in 

 Pennsylvania and Ohio and Illinois, the people of Pennsylvania quit 

 2-aising beef cattle. They went to the Western prairie states for 

 their feeders, and finished them for the market. Later the people 

 .of Ohio and Indiana did the same thing, depending on Iowa and 

 ^Nebraska and other Western states to produce cattle for Pennsyl- 

 vania and Ohio and Illinois. A little later the Middle West went 

 out of the beef production and it moved onward toward Western 

 Kansas, Montana, Wyoming and the Western Mountain states. 



A large percentage of the cattle finished in the corn belt of the 

 United States, are produced west of the Missouri, rather than east 

 of it. At the same time, the demand for feeding cattle is becoming 

 larger in Pennsylvania, Ohio and even as far West as Iowa. Conse- 

 quently the supply has not kept i)ace with the demand, while the 

 market price has more than kept pace, so that the feeders of Penn- 

 sylvania are not complaining of the price they get for the finished 

 product. 



In the spring of the year the market was especially well priced 

 for the finished product. At the same time there was a deficiency in 

 cheap and relativelj unfinis^i^^ cattle, go that cattle that required 



