No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 559 



head, slicAving the opfjosite conditions and at the same time a ten- 

 dency to be restless and wild, which detracts from his ability to 

 use feed for the production of fat and flesh. The Shorthorn is 

 smooth and comj)act over the slioulders, the neck and shoulders 

 blending into each other in such manner that it can hardly be told 

 where one begins and the other leaves off. The Shorthorn is well 

 filled over the ribs and back, carrying his width from one end to the 

 other. Avhile the scrub is flat over the rib, drooping in the loin 

 and heavy in the forequarters as compared with the hindquarters. 

 The Shorthorn is low in the hind flank and full in the thighs, his 

 underline is almost parallel with the ground, while the scrub is cut 

 up in the hind flank, light in the thighs and quarters, all of which 

 detracts from his selling value. The value of the Shorthorn on the 

 Pittsburg market at this time is fS.OO per cwt, while the value of 

 the scrub is fG.OO per cwt. This diff'erence in value is due' to the 

 ability of the breeder of the Shorthorn who has given his life to 

 the production of cattle of the most desirable type, as well as to 

 the college which has fed out of him all that was bred in him or a 

 combination of breeding and feeding. The scrub has been bred by 

 someone who has paid no attention to market demands in the pro- 

 duction of his cattle but has follovred the course of many farmers in 

 simply using the most available bull, with no attempt at anything 

 except possibly to have a ''fresh" cow at some particular season. 

 We have too many jjeople producing ''scrub" cattle within the State 

 who assume that there can be no profit in handling cattle as they 

 have never secuied any, while the trouble is that they have never 

 attempted to breed cattle for the purpose of producing beef. If it 

 is necessary to i)roduce this type, the most profitable time to dispose 

 of them is as i)rime veal calves weighing 150 to 200 pounds, when 

 they will sell for as much as when they are 15 months of age in 

 stocker condition. 



On the other hand, those who produce steers of the type of this 

 Shorthorn — no matter which of the four breeds they come from — 

 utilize them for marketing the feeds that are grown on the farm 

 will invariably find that they not only secure a profit from handling 

 the cattle themselves, but that their farms are continually becoming 

 more fertile and productive from year to year, which, in the final 

 analysis, is the chief reason for i^roducing beef in Pennsylvania or 

 anv other state. 



ADDRESS 



By E. S. BAYARD, Pittsburg, Pa. 



Ladies and Gentlemen: The farmers, breeders, dairymen and fruit 

 growers of Pennsylvania are pioud to present to the public th:s 

 exhibition of their products. They raised these magnificent fruits, 

 grains and livestock. They are not ashamed for the world to see 



